{"id":674219,"date":"2024-07-18T23:58:46","date_gmt":"2024-07-18T22:58:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=674219"},"modified":"2024-07-18T23:58:46","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T22:58:46","slug":"cach-pin-nhiet-quang-tao-ra-dien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cach-pin-nhiet-quang-tao-ra-dien\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch pin nhi\u1ec7t quang t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">C\u00e1ch pin nhi\u1ec7t quang t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a pin nhi\u1ec7t quang, c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cach_pin_nhiet_quang_tao_ra_dien.png\" alt=\"C\u00e1ch pin nhi\u1ec7t quang t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch pin nhi\u1ec7t quang t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n<p>Pin nhi\u1ec7t quang (Thermophotovoltaic cell, TPV) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, cho ph\u00e9p chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a pin nhi\u1ec7t quang d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hai nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ch\u00ednh: ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng quang \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a pin nhi\u1ec7t quang<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t:<\/strong> Khi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u r\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t ra b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Planck v\u1ec1 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>E = h*f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Trong \u0111\u00f3 E l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 Planck v\u00e0 f l\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 tr\u00ean pin nhi\u1ec7t quang.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng quang \u0111i\u1ec7n:<\/strong> Khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o pin nhi\u1ec7t quang, c\u00e1c photon trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng s\u1ebd k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u00e1c electron trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a pin. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p electron-l\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng (electron-hole pairs), d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n khi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>P = V * I<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Trong \u0111\u00f3, P l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t, V l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 I l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a pin nhi\u1ec7t quang<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t:<\/strong> L\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u00e1t ra b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung n\u00f3ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 cao nh\u01b0 carbua silic (SiC).<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u00e1y thu nhi\u1ec7t quang:<\/strong> L\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n d\u1eabn nh\u01b0 antimon v\u00e0 gallium arsenide (GaSb). C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao trong vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i quang \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a pin, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng (liquid cooling) ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (air cooling).<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb pin nhi\u1ec7t quang v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a pin nhi\u1ec7t quang<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao:<\/strong> Pin nhi\u1ec7t quang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd:<\/strong> Do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, pin nhi\u1ec7t quang \u00edt hao m\u00f2n v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pin nhi\u1ec7t quang \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi, pin nhi\u1ec7t quang h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1ch pin nhi\u1ec7t quang t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a pin nhi\u1ec7t quang, c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>C\u00e1ch pin nhi\u1ec7t quang 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\u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a pin nhi\u1ec7t quang, c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cach-pin-nhiet-quang-tao-ra-dien\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Thermal Engineering\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-07-18T22:58:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cach_pin_nhiet_quang_tao_ra_dien.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Nick Connor\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\">\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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