{"id":674390,"date":"2024-10-20T21:38:06","date_gmt":"2024-10-20T20:38:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=674390"},"modified":"2024-10-20T21:38:06","modified_gmt":"2024-10-20T20:38:06","slug":"cach-phan-ung-thu-nhiet-hap-thu-nhiet-do","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cach-phan-ung-thu-nhiet-hap-thu-nhiet-do\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf khi nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y<\/p>\n

\"C\u00e1ch<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/h2>\n

Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh. Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd<\/h2>\n

Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu nhi\u1ec7t (heterogeneous reaction) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

A + B + nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u2192 C + D<\/b><\/p>\n

Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean, A v\u00e0 B l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 C, D l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng Thu Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

  • Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f2a tan amoni nitrat (NH4<\/sub>NO3<\/sub>) v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/b> Khi NH4<\/sub>NO3<\/sub> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, dung d\u1ecbch tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n
  • Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i canxi cacbonat (CaCO3<\/sub>):<\/b> Khi nung CaCO3<\/sub> \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, n\u00f3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh CaO v\u00e0 CO2<\/sub>, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    CaCO3<\/sub> + nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u2192 CaO + CO2<\/sub><\/b><\/p>\n

    \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • L\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed:<\/b> M\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a v\u00e0 t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 qua c\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh thu nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t ra ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c t\u00fai l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh:<\/b> C\u00e1c t\u00fai l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 amoni nitrat. Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc:<\/b> Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

    Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n \u00edch trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    C\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf khi nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nC\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf khi nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh 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