{"id":674460,"date":"2024-09-25T01:27:33","date_gmt":"2024-09-25T00:27:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=674460"},"modified":"2024-09-25T01:27:33","modified_gmt":"2024-09-25T00:27:33","slug":"cach-phan-ung-toa-nhiet-giai-phong-nhiet-luong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cach-phan-ung-toa-nhiet-giai-phong-nhiet-luong\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, t\u1eeb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cach_phan_ung_toa_nhiet_giai_phong_nhiet_luong.png\" alt=\"C\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n<p>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t. Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t (exoergic reaction) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ra ngo\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y (Combustion): \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 hydrocarbon) ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi oxy \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 CO<sub>2<\/sub> c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: C<sub>x<\/sub>H<sub>y<\/sub> + O<sub>2<\/sub> \u2192 CO<sub>2<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O + Nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p (Synthesis): Trong lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y, hai hay nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec7t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: H<sub>2<\/sub> + Cl<sub>2<\/sub> \u2192 2HCl + Nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 (Decomposition): M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u00edt g\u1eb7p h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>Trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng khi t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ban \u0111\u1ea7u. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>Trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t, t\u1ed5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n t\u1ed5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0394H &lt; 0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3, \u0394H l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (ho\u1eb7c enthalpy) c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. N\u1ebfu \u0394H l\u00e0 \u00e2m, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>S\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m kh\u00f4ng gian:<\/strong> Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y c\u00e1c nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 g\u1ed7, than, v\u00e0 gas th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u00f9ng kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean hay than \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ea1o ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n qua c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00e0n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m:<\/strong> N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u n\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1eefu \u00edch cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, t\u1eeb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>C\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, t\u1eeb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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