{"id":674574,"date":"2024-10-12T14:11:31","date_gmt":"2024-10-12T13:11:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=674574"},"modified":"2024-10-12T14:11:31","modified_gmt":"2024-10-12T13:11:31","slug":"tac-dong-cua-nhiet-do-len-hieu-suat-cua-chat-ban-dan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/tac-dong-cua-nhiet-do-len-hieu-suat-cua-chat-ban-dan\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u00e1n d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

\"T\u00e1c<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00ean Hi\u1ec7u Su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ea5t B\u00e1n D\u1eabn<\/h2>\n

Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t l\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. Ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 transistor, diod v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee8ng Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9 Tr\u00ean Ch\u1ea5t B\u00e1n D\u1eabn<\/h2>\n

Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

  • \u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf su\u1ea5t:<\/b> Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng electron t\u1ef1 do khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng.<\/li>\n
  • D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i:<\/b> Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i (dark current) gia t\u0103ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y qua diode khi n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p. <\/li>\n
  • \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t:<\/b> \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh \u1ea2nh H\u01b0\u1edfng<\/h2>\n

    \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh:<\/p>\n

    \u03c1(T) = \u03c1_0 e^{\\frac{E_g}{k T}}<\/i><\/p>\n

    Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • \u03c1(T)<\/i> l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf su\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 T<\/i><\/li>\n
  • \u03c1_0<\/i> l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1<\/li>\n
  • E_g<\/i> l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khe h\u1edf (energy gap) c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn<\/li>\n
  • k<\/i> l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 Boltzmann (8.617 x 10-5<\/sup> eV\/K)<\/li>\n
  • T<\/i> l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (\u0111o b\u1eb1ng Kelvin)<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    H\u1eadu Qu\u1ea3 Th\u1ef1c T\u1ebf<\/h2>\n

    Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u00e0m m\u00e1t nh\u01b0 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t (heatsink) v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u00e1n d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

    K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed m\u00e0 c\u00f2n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u00e1n d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u00e1n d\u1eabn.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/tac-dong-cua-nhiet-do-len-hieu-suat-cua-chat-ban-dan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a 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