{"id":675239,"date":"2024-10-31T18:37:07","date_gmt":"2024-10-31T17:37:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=675239"},"modified":"2024-10-31T18:37:07","modified_gmt":"2024-10-31T17:37:07","slug":"cach-hoat-dong-cua-cam-bien-nhiet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cach-hoat-dong-cua-cam-bien-nhiet\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t v\u00e0 s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m.<\/p>\n

\"C\u00e1ch<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a C\u1ea3m Bi\u1ebfn Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n

C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, \u00f4 t\u00f4, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap \u0111o v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean L\u00fd Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n

C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

  • C\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n (Thermocouple)<\/li>\n
  • RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector)<\/li>\n
  • Thermistor<\/li>\n
  • C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    C\u1eb7p Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110i\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n

    C\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Seebeck, \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd Thomas Seebeck. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi c\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

    V = \u03b1 * (T_h – T_c)<\/p>\n

    Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • V<\/strong>: \u0110i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf (Volt)<\/li>\n
  • \u03b1<\/strong>: H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n (Volt\/\u00b0C)<\/li>\n
  • T_h<\/strong>: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng (\u00b0C)<\/li>\n
  • T_c<\/strong>: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1nh (\u00b0C)<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector)<\/h2>\n

    RTD ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 Platinum, t\u0103ng khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a RTD th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1edfi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh sau:<\/p>\n

    R_T = R_0 * (1 + \u03b1 * \u0394T)<\/p>\n

    Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • R_T<\/strong>: \u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 T (Ohm)<\/li>\n
  • R_0<\/strong>: \u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tham chi\u1ebfu (Ohm)<\/li>\n
  • \u03b1<\/strong>: H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf (1\/\u00b0C)<\/li>\n
  • \u0394T<\/strong>: S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (\u00b0C)<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    Thermistor<\/h2>\n

    Thermistor l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf thay \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. V\u1edbi NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) thermistor, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf gi\u1ea3m khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a thermistor c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Steinhart-Hart:<\/p>\n

    \\(\\frac{1}{T} = A + B\\ln(R) + C(\\ln(R))^3\\)<\/p>\n

    Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • T<\/strong>: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (Kelvin)<\/li>\n
  • R<\/strong>: \u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf (Ohm)<\/li>\n
  • A, B, C<\/strong>: H\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 Steinhart-Hart<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    C\u1ea3m Bi\u1ebfn Nhi\u1ec7t H\u1ed3ng Ngo\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n

    C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i \u0111o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea7n \u0111o.<\/p>\n

    K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

    C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Qua vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t v\u00e0 s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nC\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t v\u00e0 s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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