![\"C\u00e1ch](\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cach_khuech_tan_nhiet_tach_biet_cac_phan_tu_nhu_the_nao.png\")
<\/p>\nC\u00e1ch khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n qua c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
Khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. Khi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt n\u00f3ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt l\u1ea1nh, nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng s\u1ebd di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n
C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t Fourier:<\/p>\n
\\[ q = -k \\frac{dT}{dx} \\]\n
Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n
Khi nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n qua m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 v\u1edbi bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n t\u1eed t\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi nhau, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt r\u1eafn, n\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee7 cao, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch ra v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 kh\u00ed, khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f2n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0o nhau, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n trong vi\u1ec7c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. Qua hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
C\u00e1ch khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n