{"id":675391,"date":"2024-10-25T06:58:45","date_gmt":"2024-10-25T05:58:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=675391"},"modified":"2024-10-25T06:58:45","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T05:58:45","slug":"anh-huong-cua-nhiet-doi-voi-do-ben-cua-hop-kim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/anh-huong-cua-nhiet-doi-voi-do-ben-cua-hop-kim\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p kim ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/anh_huong_cua_nhiet_doi_voi_do_ben_cua_hop_kim.png\" alt=\"\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim<\/h2>\n<p>H\u1ee3p kim l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 phi kim lo\u1ea1i, nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 l\u00fd c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim.<\/p>\n<h2>1. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim qua vi\u1ec7c g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf v\u00e0 co l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3. Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed t\u0103ng l\u00ean, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng<\/li>\n<li>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed y\u1ebfu \u0111i<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khe n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>2. C\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h2>\n<p>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/b> Trong ph\u1ea1m vi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, h\u1ee3p kim v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng b\u00ean trong c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ecf.<\/li>\n<li><b>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp:<\/b> Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng, h\u1ee3p kim b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1ea3i qua s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n T<sub>c<\/sub>, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 khe n\u1ee9t tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li><b>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y:<\/b> T\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y T<sub>m<\/sub>, c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft nguy\u00ean t\u1eed b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ee3p kim chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 0.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>3. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ed5 sung<\/h2>\n<p>B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim:<\/b> S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00e1c nhau, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li><b>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o:<\/b> C\u00e1ch m\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<li><b>M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/b> C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng cho vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p kim ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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