{"id":675584,"date":"2024-07-29T20:30:17","date_gmt":"2024-07-29T19:30:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=675584"},"modified":"2024-07-29T20:30:17","modified_gmt":"2024-07-29T19:30:17","slug":"cach-cac-vat-lieu-ap-dien-tao-ra-dien-ap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cach-cac-vat-lieu-ap-dien-tao-ra-dien-ap\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1ch c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng qua hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

\"C\u00e1ch<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch C\u00e1c V\u1eadt Li\u1ec7u \u00c1p \u0110i\u1ec7n T\u1ea1o Ra \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00c1p<\/h2>\n

V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p khi ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c hay bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u2013 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n khi n\u00f3 b\u1ecb n\u00e9n ho\u1eb7c k\u00e9o d\u00e3n.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee8ng \u00c1p \u0110i\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n

Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 sau: Khi m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u00f4 men l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch, v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hai chi\u1ec1u c\u1ef1c:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

  • Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/b>: T\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng khi ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n
  • Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e2m<\/b>: Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n

    \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p (V) = d * F \/ A<\/em><\/p>\n

    Trong \u0111\u00f3 d<\/em> l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n, F<\/em> l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 A<\/em> l\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u00e0 l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

    C\u1ea5u Tr\u00fac V\u1eadt Li\u1ec7u \u00c1p \u0110i\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n

    Nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0 th\u1ea1ch anh v\u00e0 g\u1ed1m \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: PZT – ch\u00ec zirconat titanat). Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed b\u00ean trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng sao cho kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp n\u00e0y b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n

    \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng C\u1ee7a V\u1eadt Li\u1ec7u \u00c1p \u0110i\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • M\u00e1y ph\u00e1t si\u00eau \u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn: V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m khi b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng, ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p khi nh\u1eadn s\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m.<\/li>\n
  • \u0110\u00e1nh l\u1eeda tr\u00ean b\u1ebfp gas: Khi b\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5n n\u00fat \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda, m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch anh, t\u1ea1o ra tia l\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y gas.<\/li>\n
  • C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gia t\u1ed1c: V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c gia t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n

    <\/small><\/p>\n

    K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ta \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    C\u00e1ch c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng qua hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nC\u00e1ch c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u00e1ch c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng qua hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ti\u00ean 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