{"id":676574,"date":"2024-11-14T23:02:59","date_gmt":"2024-11-14T22:02:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=676574"},"modified":"2024-11-14T23:02:59","modified_gmt":"2024-11-14T22:02:59","slug":"cach-hoat-dong-cua-may-quang-pho-khoi-ion-hoa-nhiet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cach-hoat-dong-cua-may-quang-pho-khoi-ion-hoa-nhiet\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y quang ph\u1ed5 kh\u1ed1i ion h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u00e1y quang ph\u1ed5 kh\u1ed1i ion h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t: Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ion h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t, gi\u00fap nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

\"C\u00e1ch<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u1ee7a M\u00e1y Quang Ph\u1ed5 Kh\u1ed1i Ion H\u00f3a Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n

M\u00e1y quang ph\u1ed5 kh\u1ed1i ion h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t (Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometer, TIMS) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00f3i chung. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ion h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n

M\u00e1y quang ph\u1ed5 kh\u1ed1i ion h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ion h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u1ed1i. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

  • Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu<\/li>\n
  • Ion h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n
  • Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u1ed1i<\/li>\n
  • Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu<\/h3>\n

    Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, m\u1eabu v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u1edf d\u1ea1ng r\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c dung d\u1ecbch, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y d\u1eabn ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. M\u1eabu n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ee7 cao \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed trong m\u1eabu chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ion t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n

    Ion h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n

    Khi m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ion th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ion h\u00f3a. Ion h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong m\u1eabu v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ea5t electron do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ion d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n

    X (r\u1eafn) + nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u2192 X+<\/sup> (ion) + e–<\/sup> (electron)<\/p>\n

    Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u1ed1i<\/h3>\n

    Sau khi c\u00e1c ion \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang (m\/z). Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ion d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng-\u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

    m\/z = \\frac{m}{z}<\/p>\n

    Trong \u0111\u00f3, m l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ion v\u00e0 z l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a ion.<\/p>\n

    Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c ion b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn. T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ed5 kh\u1ed1i. Ph\u1ed5 kh\u1ed1i cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ion d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n

    \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a TIMS<\/h2>\n

    M\u00e1y quang ph\u1ed5 kh\u1ed1i ion h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n
  • Khoa h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh tinh: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eabu t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh v\u00e0 thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n
  • Y h\u1ecdc: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb trong c\u00e1c m\u1eabu sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n
  • Kim lo\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc: Ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i qu\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim.<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

    M\u00e1y quang ph\u1ed5 kh\u1ed1i ion h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ion h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u1ed1i, TIMS mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao trong vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    M\u00e1y quang ph\u1ed5 kh\u1ed1i ion h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t: Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ion h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t, gi\u00fap nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nC\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y quang ph\u1ed5 kh\u1ed1i ion h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"M\u00e1y quang ph\u1ed5 kh\u1ed1i ion h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t: Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ion h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t, gi\u00fap nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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