{"id":676865,"date":"2024-10-05T00:46:03","date_gmt":"2024-10-04T23:46:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=676865"},"modified":"2024-10-05T00:46:03","modified_gmt":"2024-10-04T23:46:03","slug":"cach-hoat-dong-cua-qua-trinh-bat-giu-neutron-nhiet-trong-lo-phan-ung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cach-hoat-dong-cua-qua-trinh-bat-giu-neutron-nhiet-trong-lo-phan-ung\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft gi\u1eef neutron nhi\u1ec7t trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft gi\u1eef neutron nhi\u1ec7t trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 neutron nhi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

\"C\u00e1ch<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft gi\u1eef neutron nhi\u1ec7t trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/h2>\n

Trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft gi\u1eef neutron nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Neutron nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t neutron c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c t\u1eeb n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c va ch\u1ea1m li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft gi\u1eef neutron nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh Neutron Ch\u1eadm L\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n

Khi neutron \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao (t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 2 MeV). \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng neutron nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

  • Neutron cao n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, graphite).<\/li>\n
  • Th\u00f4ng qua nhi\u1ec1u va ch\u1ea1m li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a neutron gi\u1ea3m \u0111i, \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
  • Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, neutron \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh.<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh B\u1eaft Gi\u1eef Neutron<\/h2>\n

    Sau khi neutron \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cao t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 U235<\/sub> ho\u1eb7c Pu239<\/sub>. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • Neutron nhi\u1ec7t va v\u00e0o h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
  • H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 neutron, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n (U236<\/sub> ho\u1eb7c Pu240<\/sub>).<\/li>\n
  • H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch, ph\u00f3ng ra nhi\u1ec1u neutron v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e8m theo s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    T\u1ea7m Quan Tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7c B\u1eaft Gi\u1eef Neutron<\/h2>\n

    Trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u00f3:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • Gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec chu tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch, b\u1edfi m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra th\u00eam neutron, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/li>\n
  • T\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4i, t\u1ea1o ra h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng (trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh).<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng trong L\u00f2 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee8ng Hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft gi\u1eef neutron nhi\u1ec7t, v\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • Moderator (ch\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i): S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eb7ng ho\u1eb7c graphite \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c neutron.<\/li>\n
  • \u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n thanh (control rods): S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 cadmium, hafnium ho\u1eb7c boron \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 neutron d\u01b0 th\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

    Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft gi\u1eef neutron nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y gi\u00fap qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft gi\u1eef neutron nhi\u1ec7t trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 neutron nhi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nC\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft gi\u1eef neutron nhi\u1ec7t trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft gi\u1eef neutron nhi\u1ec7t trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 neutron nhi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cach-hoat-dong-cua-qua-trinh-bat-giu-neutron-nhiet-trong-lo-phan-ung\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft gi\u1eef neutron nhi\u1ec7t trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"C\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft gi\u1eef neutron nhi\u1ec7t trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 neutron nhi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n 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