{"id":677324,"date":"2024-09-30T16:16:25","date_gmt":"2024-09-30T15:16:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=677324"},"modified":"2024-09-30T16:16:25","modified_gmt":"2024-09-30T15:16:25","slug":"lam-the-nao-mo-hinh-nhiet-du-doan-phan-bo-nhiet-do","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/lam-the-nao-mo-hinh-nhiet-du-doan-phan-bo-nhiet-do\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/lam_the_nao_mo_hinh_nhiet_du_doan_phan_bo_nhiet_do.png\" alt=\"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/h2>\n<p>Trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 theo th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (Conduction)<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u nhi\u1ec7t (Convection)<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t (Radiation)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h3>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Fourier cho truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Fourier l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn:<\/p>\n<p>\\[<br \/>\nq = -k \\frac{dT}{dx}<br \/>\n\\] <\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>q: l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn (W\/m\u00b2)<\/li>\n<li>k: h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (W\/m\u00b7K)<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\frac{dT}{dx}\\): gradient nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng x (K\/m)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng:<\/p>\n<p>\\[<br \/>\n\\frac{dQ}{dt} = mc_p \\frac{dT}{dt}<br \/>\n\\] <\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>dQ\/dt: d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t (W)<\/li>\n<li>m: kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (kg)<\/li>\n<li>c_p: nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang \u1edd \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i (J\/kg\u00b7K)<\/li>\n<li>dT\/dt: s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 theo th\u1eddi gian (K\/s)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/p>\n<p><o1><\/p>\n<li><b>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t:<\/b> \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t:<\/b> Trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li><b>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t trong \u00f4 t\u00f4:<\/b> Gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t.<\/li>\n<li><b>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p:<\/b> \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<p><\/o1><\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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