{"id":677419,"date":"2024-09-27T16:36:43","date_gmt":"2024-09-27T15:36:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=677419"},"modified":"2024-09-27T16:36:43","modified_gmt":"2024-09-27T15:36:43","slug":"cach-thuc-lam-mat-bang-buc-xa-nhiet-hoat-dong-trong-khong-gian-nhu-the-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cach-thuc-lam-mat-bang-buc-xa-nhiet-hoat-dong-trong-khong-gian-nhu-the-nao\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kh\u00f4ng gian nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kh\u00f4ng gian nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/p>\n

\"C\u00e1ch<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kh\u00f4ng gian nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n

Trong kh\u00f4ng gian, nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u hay d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng gian g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong kh\u00f4ng gian ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (-273.15\u00b0C hay 0 Kelvin) \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t ra b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t. C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t trong kh\u00f4ng gian<\/h2>\n

Khi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 trong kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t ra nhi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Stefan-Boltzmann<\/em>: t\u1ed5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 (T4<\/sup>) c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

  • W = \u03c3 * \u03b5 * A * T4<\/sup><\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. W l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1.<\/li>\n
    2. \u03c3 l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 Stefan-Boltzmann (5.67 * 10-8<\/sup> W\/m2<\/sup>K4<\/sup>).<\/li>\n
    3. \u03b5 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
    4. A l\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/li>\n
    5. T l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (Kelvin).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t trong kh\u00f4ng gian<\/h2>\n

      C\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh, t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea1m V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ISS) \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 cao, gi\u00fap t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gian l\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • V\u1ec7 tinh:<\/strong> C\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi.<\/li>\n
      • T\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5:<\/strong> C\u00e1c t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Apollo v\u00e0 SpaceX s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ean trong \u1edf m\u1ee9c an to\u00e0n cho phi h\u00e0nh \u0111o\u00e0n.<\/li>\n
      • Tr\u1ea1m V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ISS):<\/strong> ISS s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ean trong \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 phi h\u00e0nh gia l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

        B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong kh\u00f4ng gian, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n. Vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm b\u1eaft nguy\u00ean l\u00fd b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kh\u00f4ng gian nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nC\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kh\u00f4ng gian nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kh\u00f4ng gian nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng 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