{"id":678302,"date":"2024-09-22T11:55:25","date_gmt":"2024-09-22T10:55:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=678302"},"modified":"2024-09-22T11:55:25","modified_gmt":"2024-09-22T10:55:25","slug":"lam-the-nao-mot-chiec-que-han-nhiet-cat-qua-thep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/lam-the-nao-mot-chiec-que-han-nhiet-cat-qua-thep\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc que h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec7t c\u1eaft qua th\u00e9p"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc que h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec7t c\u1eaft qua th\u00e9p: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a que h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec7t trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft th\u00e9p ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/lam_the_nao_mot_chiec_que_han_nhiet_cat_qua_thep.png\" alt=\"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc que h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec7t c\u1eaft qua th\u00e9p\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc que h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec7t c\u1eaft qua th\u00e9p<\/h2>\n<p>Que h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec7t, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thanh h\u00e0n oxy-gas, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 kh\u00ed. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft qua c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kim lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 th\u00e9p, nh\u1edd v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc que h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eaft qua th\u00e9p.<\/p>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a que h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>Que h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed oxy k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed ch\u00e1y nh\u01b0 acetylene ho\u1eb7c propan. Khi hai lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y, s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t cao, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 3500\u00b0C (6332\u00b0F). Ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Oxygen (O<sub>2<\/sub>)<\/li>\n<li>Gas ch\u00e1y (C<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>2<\/sub> cho acetylene, C<sub>3<\/sub>H<sub>8<\/sub> cho propan)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft th\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng que h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>\n    <strong>Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, que h\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u phun, v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed oxy v\u00e0 kh\u00ed ch\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.\n  <\/li>\n<li>\n    <strong>\u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y:<\/strong> Khi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y, ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao s\u1ebd l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea3y (tr\u00ean 1500\u00b0C ho\u1eb7c 2732\u00b0F).\n  <\/li>\n<li>\n    <strong>C\u1eaft:<\/strong> Khi th\u00e9p \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea3y, kh\u00ed oxy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p, t\u1ea1o ra oxit s\u1eaft (Fe<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub>). Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho th\u00e9p d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng x\u1ec9.\n  <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n<p>\n  <em>1. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y acetylene:<\/em><br \/>\n  C<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>2<\/sub> + 2 O<sub>2<\/sub> \u2192 2 CO<sub>2<\/sub> + H<sub>2<\/sub>O + n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  <em>2. Oxy h\u00f3a s\u1eaft:<\/em><br \/>\n  3 Fe + 4 O<sub>2<\/sub> \u2192 2 Fe<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>3<\/sub> + n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\n<\/p>\n<h2>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a que h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e1y c\u1eaft oxy-gas c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eaft qua c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<li>Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<li>Chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ea5p, do s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Que h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u01a1 kh\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u.<\/li>\n<li>Ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Que h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 \u0111a n\u0103ng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u01a1 kh\u00ed. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi oxy, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eaft qua th\u00e9p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a que h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc que h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec7t c\u1eaft qua th\u00e9p: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a que h\u00e0n nhi\u1ec7t trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft th\u00e9p ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This 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