{"id":678476,"date":"2024-10-25T07:33:19","date_gmt":"2024-10-25T06:33:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=678476"},"modified":"2024-10-25T07:33:19","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T06:33:19","slug":"nang-luong-nhiet-co-the-chuyen-hoa-truc-tiep-thanh-dien-nang-khong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/nang-luong-nhiet-co-the-chuyen-hoa-truc-tiep-thanh-dien-nang-khong\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/nang_luong_nhiet_co_the_chuyen_hoa_truc_tiep_thanh_dien_nang_khong.png\" alt=\"N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng?\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/h2>\n<p>N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng, l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, nguy\u00ean t\u1eed b\u00ean trong v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng<\/h2>\n<p>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n (thermoelectric effect) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n (thermoelectric generators &#8211; TEG). Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n bao g\u1ed3m hai hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh: hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Seebeck v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Peltier.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Seebeck:<\/b> Khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, s\u1ebd sinh ra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u1ecdc theo chi\u1ec1u ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li><b>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Peltier:<\/b> Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Seebeck, khi m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i qua \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a hai ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <b>m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/b> (thermoelectric generators &#8211; TEG). Nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng gian:<\/b> Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/li>\n<li><b>Thu h\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea3i:<\/b> Trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng, gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><b>C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo th\u00f4ng minh:<\/b> C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng t\u1eeb c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea1c pin ho\u1eb7c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u hao m\u00f2n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n<li>Chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nh\u1ecf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea5p so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 turbine nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li>Chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f2n cao, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u1edf quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>D\u00f9 c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp 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