{"id":678552,"date":"2024-08-07T13:27:16","date_gmt":"2024-08-07T12:27:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=678552"},"modified":"2024-08-07T13:27:16","modified_gmt":"2024-08-07T12:27:16","slug":"cach-tach-pha-nhiet-lam-sach-nuoc-thai-cong-nghiep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cach-tach-pha-nhiet-lam-sach-nuoc-thai-cong-nghiep\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch pha nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">C\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch pha nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cach_tach_pha_nhiet_lam_sach_nuoc_thai_cong_nghiep.png\" alt=\"C\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch pha nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch pha nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/h2>\n<p>Trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 <b>t\u00e1ch pha nhi\u1ec7t<\/b>. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u00e1ch pha nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>T\u00e1ch pha nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00e1ch ra. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00e1ch pha nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>Ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t (Distillation)<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u1eed kh\u00ed (Stripping)<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 (Absorption)<\/li>\n<li>K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a (Precipitation)<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>Ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t (Distillation)<\/h2>\n<p>Ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m bay h\u01a1i m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u1ed3i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t mong mu\u1ed1n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m hai b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n<p><o1><\/p>\n<li><b>Bay h\u01a1i:<\/b> N\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111un n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n t\u00e1ch ra.<\/li>\n<li><b>Ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5:<\/b> H\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<p><\/o1><\/p>\n<h2>Kh\u1eed kh\u00ed (Stripping)<\/h2>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed kh\u00ed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i. Kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed5i qua n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i, l\u00f4i k\u00e9o c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m bay ra kh\u1ecfi dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<h2>H\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 (Absorption)<\/h2>\n<p>Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5, n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 than ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1) \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u00f2a tan. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a (Precipitation)<\/h2>\n<p>K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ion h\u00f2a tan b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 pH c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng r\u1eafn v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1.<\/p>\n<h2>L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u00e1ch pha nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao trong vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<li>Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy c\u01a1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00e1ch pha nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t, kh\u1eed kh\u00ed, h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u00e1ch pha nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f2n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch pha nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>C\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch pha nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng 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