{"id":678995,"date":"2024-11-20T14:45:25","date_gmt":"2024-11-20T13:45:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=678995"},"modified":"2024-11-20T14:45:25","modified_gmt":"2024-11-20T13:45:25","slug":"nhiet-dong-hoc-cua-mon-truot-bang-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/nhiet-dong-hoc-cua-mon-truot-bang-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u0103ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u0103ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/nhiet_dong_hoc_cua_mon_truot_bang_la_gi.png\" alt=\"Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u0103ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9ng H\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a M\u00f4n Tr\u01b0\u1ee3t B\u0103ng L\u00e0 G\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt l\u00fd, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. Trong m\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u0103ng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea3y ra khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1ee3t di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean b\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<h2>1. Nguy\u00ean L\u00fd Ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u1ee7a L\u01b0\u1ee1i Tr\u01b0\u1ee3t B\u0103ng<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u0103ng di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u0103ng, l\u01b0\u1ee1i tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi b\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac nh\u1ecf.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c1p su\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc, khi\u1ebfn cho b\u0103ng t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tan ch\u1ea3y.<\/li>\n<li>L\u1edbp n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n, gi\u00fap l\u01b0\u1ee1i tr\u01b0\u1ee3t di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>2. Nhi\u1ec7t N\u0103ng Do Ma S\u00e1t<\/h2>\n<p>Ma s\u00e1t gi\u1eefa l\u01b0\u1ee1i tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u0103ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh sau m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng:<\/p>\n<p><i>Q = \u03bc * N * v * t<\/i><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Q:<\/b> Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng (Joules)<\/li>\n<li><b>\u03bc:<\/b> H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t<\/li>\n<li><b>N:<\/b> L\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p tuy\u1ebfn (Newton)<\/li>\n<li><b>v:<\/b> V\u1eadn t\u1ed1c (m\/s)<\/li>\n<li><b>t:<\/b> Th\u1eddi gian (seconds)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap cho l\u1edbp b\u0103ng m\u1ecfng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1ee3t ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c di chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u01a1n tru.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee8ng Joule-Thomson<\/h2>\n<p>Khi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Joule-Thomson. Trong m\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u0103ng, khi l\u01b0\u1ee1i tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u0103ng r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u0103ng, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eeba tan ch\u1ea3y, t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2>4. T\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 L\u1ef1c C\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng (\u00bdmv<sup>2<\/sup>) \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n do ma s\u00e1t.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng: <i>K = \u00bdmv<sup>2<\/sup><\/i><\/li>\n<li>Trong \u0111\u00f3, <i>m<\/i> l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 <i>v<\/i> l\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>L\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n ma s\u00e1t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee1i tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u0103ng. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee1i tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u0103ng s\u1eafc b\u00e9n v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u0103ng m\u1ecbn l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c cao trong m\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u0103ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u0103ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u0103ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u0103ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u0103ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 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