{"id":679302,"date":"2024-08-17T18:19:44","date_gmt":"2024-08-17T17:19:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=679302"},"modified":"2024-08-17T18:19:44","modified_gmt":"2024-08-17T17:19:44","slug":"thu-hoach-nang-luong-nhiet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/thu-hoach-nang-luong-nhiet\/","title":{"rendered":"Thu ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Thu ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/thu_hoach_nang_luong_nhiet.png\" alt=\"Thu ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Thu ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>Thu ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1eefu \u00edch, nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u00fap s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n<p>Thu ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n bao g\u1ed3m hai hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ch\u00ednh: hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Seebeck v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Peltier.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Seebeck:<\/b> Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t gradien nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0:<\/li>\n<p><em>V = S * \\Delta T<\/em>, trong \u0111\u00f3 V l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, S l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 Seebeck, v\u00e0 \\(\\Delta T\\) l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<li><b>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Peltier:<\/b> Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra khi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i qua gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau, g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t t\u1edbi c\u1ea1nh kia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a thu ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>Thu ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Ph\u1ee5 h\u1ed3i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea3i:<\/b> Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea3i n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li><b>C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p:<\/b> C\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u00fap k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd pin v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong kh\u00f4ng gian:<\/b> C\u00e1c t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 tinh th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m pin M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng<\/h2>\n<p>D\u00f9 thu ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a cao:<\/b> Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng (th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1edbi 10%). Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li><b>Chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t:<\/b> C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c thu ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t:<\/b> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a thu ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thu ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ 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