{"id":679416,"date":"2024-11-07T18:41:16","date_gmt":"2024-11-07T17:41:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=679416"},"modified":"2024-11-07T18:41:16","modified_gmt":"2024-11-07T17:41:16","slug":"cach-u-nhiet-thay-doi-tinh-chat-chat-ban-dan-nhu-the-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cach-u-nhiet-thay-doi-tinh-chat-chat-ban-dan-nhu-the-nao\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch \u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7t thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">C\u00e1ch \u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7t thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7t l\u00ean hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cach_u_nhiet_thay_doi_tinh_chat_chat_ban_dan_nhu_the_nao.png\" alt=\"C\u00e1ch \u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7t thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch \u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7t thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/h2>\n<p>Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c <b>k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t<\/b>, \u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7t (hay nung nhi\u1ec7t) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. Ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, nh\u01b0 silicon (Si) v\u00e0 germanium (Ge), c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2>\u1ee6 nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>\u1ee6 nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i d\u1ea7n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u00ed tr\u01a1 nh\u01b0 argon ho\u1eb7c nit\u01a1, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7t trong ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Gi\u1ea3m khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt tinh th\u1ec3:<\/b> Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt trong m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li><b>Khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1p:<\/b> \u1ee6 nhi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0o trong m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn.<\/li>\n<li><b>Gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i:<\/b> Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i trong tinh th\u1ec3, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>Khi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. C\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t trong m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111i, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t h\u01a1n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n v\u00e0o trong m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00e0ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1: T\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9:<\/b> Ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/li>\n<li><b>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2: Duy tr\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9:<\/b> Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n.<\/li>\n<li><b>Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3: L\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i:<\/b> Ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i t\u1eeb t\u1eeb trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh g\u00e2y ra \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>\u1ee6 nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. Th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt trong m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u, s\u1ef1 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u1edbi t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1ch \u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7t thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7t l\u00ean hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>C\u00e1ch \u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7t thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u00e1ch \u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7t thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. 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