{"id":679473,"date":"2024-09-21T22:58:55","date_gmt":"2024-09-21T21:58:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=679473"},"modified":"2024-09-21T22:58:55","modified_gmt":"2024-09-21T21:58:55","slug":"cach-thuc-truyen-nhiet-trong-moi-truong-vi-trong-luc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/cach-thuc-truyen-nhiet-trong-moi-truong-vi-trong-luc\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c"},"content":{"rendered":"

Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c: kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong kh\u00f4ng gian thi\u1ebfu tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

\"C\u00e1ch<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch Th\u1ee9c Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t Trong M\u00f4i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi Tr\u1ecdng L\u1ef1c<\/h2>\n

Nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao sang n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean tr\u1ea1m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c trong kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t: d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n vi tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

D\u1eabn Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n

D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (conduction) l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u00e0y sang ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c, d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec7t d\u1eabn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n vi m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

Q = -k * A \\left( \\frac{dT}{dx} \\right)<\/i><\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

  • Q: l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n
  • k: h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
  • A: di\u1ec7n t\u00edch qua \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn.<\/li>\n
  • \\(\\frac{dT}{dx}\\): gradient nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 theo kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i L\u01b0u<\/h3>\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u (convection) l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed. Trong tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra khi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng n\u00f3ng l\u00ean, tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, trong khi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n s\u1ebd ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u1ea1t hay m\u00e1y b\u01a1m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c cho \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i qua \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Nusselt:<\/p>\n

    Nu = hL \/ k<\/i><\/p>\n

    \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • Nu: s\u1ed1 Nusselt.<\/li>\n
  • h: h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u.<\/li>\n
  • L: chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng.<\/li>\n
  • k: h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng.<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    B\u1ee9c X\u1ea1 Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n

    B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t (radiation) l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c, b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng hay kh\u00ed. M\u1ecdi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t theo \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Stefan-Boltzmann, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

    Q = \\sigma * A * T^4<\/i><\/p>\n

    \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • Q: c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1.<\/li>\n
  • \\(\\sigma\\): h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 Stefan-Boltzmann.<\/li>\n
  • A: di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
  • T: nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 (K).<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

    Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thi\u1ebfu l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c thay v\u00ec d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho tr\u1ea1m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c: kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong kh\u00f4ng gian thi\u1ebfu tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nC\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c: kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong kh\u00f4ng gian thi\u1ebfu tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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