{"id":679701,"date":"2024-11-11T12:28:12","date_gmt":"2024-11-11T11:28:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=679701"},"modified":"2024-11-11T12:28:12","modified_gmt":"2024-11-11T11:28:12","slug":"vai-tro-cua-nhiet-dong-luc-hoc-trong-quang-hop-nhan-tao-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/vai-tro-cua-nhiet-dong-luc-hoc-trong-quang-hop-nhan-tao-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc trong quang h\u1ee3p nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 g\u00ec"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc trong quang h\u1ee3p nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o: C\u00e1ch m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quang h\u1ee3p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/vai_tro_cua_nhiet_dong_luc_hoc_trong_quang_hop_nhan_tao_la_gi.png\" alt=\"Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc trong quang h\u1ee3p nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 g\u00ec\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc trong quang h\u1ee3p nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/h2>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh quang h\u1ee3p nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quang h\u1ee3p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<h2>N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n<p>Quang h\u1ee3p nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng quang h\u1ee3p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o hai nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: B\u1ea3o to\u00e0n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 sinh ra hay m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y sang d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee9 hai: M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c entropy c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 k\u00edn lu\u00f4n t\u0103ng l\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quang h\u1ee3p nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh Quang h\u1ee3p Nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/h2>\n<p>Trong quang h\u1ee3p nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5m b\u00e1n d\u1eabn hay t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>H\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng: C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn nh\u01b0 titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2<\/sub>) h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1eb7p electron-h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng (electron-hole pair).<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch: C\u1eb7p electron-h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: Electron v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc (H<sub>2<\/sub>O) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00ed hydro (H<sub>2<\/sub>) v\u00e0 oxy (O<sub>2<\/sub>).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quang h\u1ee3p nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/b> Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c h\u00f3a n\u0103ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li><b>Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng:<\/b> Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 entropy, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li><b>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p:<\/b> C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quang h\u1ee3p nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc trong quang h\u1ee3p nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o: C\u00e1ch m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quang h\u1ee3p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This 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