{"id":680005,"date":"2024-10-23T14:57:39","date_gmt":"2024-10-23T13:57:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=680005"},"modified":"2024-10-23T14:57:39","modified_gmt":"2024-10-23T13:57:39","slug":"anh-huong-cua-nhiet-do-den-su-suy-thoai-cua-polyme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/anh-huong-cua-nhiet-do-den-su-suy-thoai-cua-polyme\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i c\u1ee7a polyme"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i c\u1ee7a polyme: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u polyme trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/anh_huong_cua_nhiet_do_den_su_suy_thoai_cua_polyme.png\" alt=\"\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i c\u1ee7a polyme\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i c\u1ee7a polyme<\/h2>\n<p>Polyme l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y nh\u01b0 nh\u1ef1a, cao su, v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn polyme l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i c\u1ee7a polyme.<\/p>\n<h2>S\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a polyme<\/h2>\n<p>S\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a polyme l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed polyme b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a polyme.<\/p>\n<h3>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh suy tho\u00e1i<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Ph\u00e2n ly chu\u1ed7i polyme:<\/b> \u1ede nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i polyme c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li><b>Ph\u00e2n ly li\u00ean k\u1ebft ngang:<\/b> Nhi\u1ec1u polyme c\u00f3 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft ngang k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i v\u1edbi nhau. Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng, c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1, l\u00e0m cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ebbo h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li><b>Oxy ho\u00e1:<\/b> Polyme ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 cacbon dioxit (CO<sub>2<\/sub>), n\u01b0\u1edbc (H<sub>2<\/sub>O), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a polyme.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i polyme kh\u00e1c nhau<\/h2>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i polyme, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>Polyetylen (PE):<\/b> Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng, polyetylen c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng. \u1ede nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c cao, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 suy tho\u00e1i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><b>Polypropylen (PP):<\/b> Polypropylen c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi polyetylen, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn b\u1ecb suy tho\u00e1i \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 n\u1ee9t v\u1ee1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<li><b>Polyvinyl clorua (PVC):<\/b> PVC ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t k\u00e9m v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ea5t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1 th\u1ea5p so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c polyme kh\u00e1c. Khi b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00ed clorua hydric (HCl) \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i c\u1ee7a polyme. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i polyme kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i c\u1ee7a polyme l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a polyme, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i c\u1ee7a polyme: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u polyme trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i c\u1ee7a polyme<\/title>\n<meta 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