{"id":680119,"date":"2024-11-06T12:51:49","date_gmt":"2024-11-06T11:51:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=680119"},"modified":"2024-11-06T12:51:49","modified_gmt":"2024-11-06T11:51:49","slug":"anh-huong-cua-qua-trinh-xu-ly-nhiet-den-kha-nang-chong-mon-cua-hop-kim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/anh-huong-cua-qua-trinh-xu-ly-nhiet-den-kha-nang-chong-mon-cua-hop-kim\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p kim.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/anh_huong_cua_qua_trinh_xu_ly_nhiet_den_kha_nang_chong_mon_cua_hop_kim.png\" alt=\"\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim<\/h2>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u1eb1m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 l\u00fd nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<h2>1. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\u1ee6 (Annealing):<\/b> L\u00e0m n\u00f3ng h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i ch\u1eadm gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai.<\/li>\n<li><b>T\u00f4i (Quenching):<\/b> L\u00e0m n\u00f3ng h\u1ee3p kim l\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<li><b>Ram (Tempering):<\/b> Sau khi t\u00f4i, h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f2n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh d\u1ebbo dai.<\/li>\n<li><b>%U\u1ed1T (Aging):<\/b> L\u00e0m n\u00f3ng h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>2. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n<\/h2>\n<p>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p kim ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><u>\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/u>: X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c pha c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 martensite trong th\u00e9p, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n.<\/li>\n<li><u>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4<\/u>: C\u00e1c pha kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 carbides trong h\u1ee3p kim th\u00e9p sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>3. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/h2>\n<p>Trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u01b0 b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, tr\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h2>4. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi m\u00f4 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 \u1ee7, t\u00f4i, ram v\u00e0 u\u1ed1t gi\u00fap c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p kim.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p kim.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" 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