{"id":680157,"date":"2024-09-28T01:54:51","date_gmt":"2024-09-28T00:54:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=680157"},"modified":"2024-09-28T01:54:51","modified_gmt":"2024-09-28T00:54:51","slug":"quan-ly-nhiet-cho-he-thong-may-tinh-luong-tu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/quan-ly-nhiet-cho-he-thong-may-tinh-luong-tu\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed nh\u1eb1m gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/quan_ly_nhiet_cho_he_thong_may_tinh_luong_tu.png\" alt=\"Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i so v\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t. Khi c\u00e1c qubits (\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed) ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t. Vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1nh gi\u00fap gi\u1eef cho c\u00e1c qubits \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i si\u00eau d\u1eabn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u1ea1i sao qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qubits:<\/strong> Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (0 Kelvin).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t:<\/strong> Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra l\u1ed7i trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a qubits, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb:<\/strong> Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef cho qubits ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f2n gi\u00fap k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/h2>\n<h3>1. L\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh b\u1eb1ng Helium-3<\/h3>\n<p>Helium-3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a helium, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p. C\u00e1c m\u00e1y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh b\u1eb1ng helium-3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 0.3 Kelvin, gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c qubits.<\/p>\n<h3>2. L\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh b\u1eb1ng hydrogen h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n<p>Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, kh\u00ed hydrogen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hydrogen h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 helium-3, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. <\/p>\n<h3>3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t si\u00eau d\u1eabn<\/h3>\n<p>Ch\u1ea5t si\u00eau d\u1eabn, nh\u01b0 Niobium Nitride (NbN), c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t khi \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t sinh ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng si\u00eau d\u1eabn \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng (magnetic refrigeration).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed nh\u1eb1m gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed nh\u1eb1m gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n 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