{"id":680464,"date":"2024-08-01T17:51:41","date_gmt":"2024-08-01T16:51:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=680464"},"modified":"2024-08-01T17:51:41","modified_gmt":"2024-08-01T16:51:41","slug":"phan-tich-co-nhiet-tma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/phan-tich-co-nhiet-tma\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch C\u01a1 Nhi\u1ec7t (TMA)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch C\u01a1 Nhi\u1ec7t (TMA) l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, quan tr\u1ecdng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/phan_tich_co_nhiet_tma.png\" alt=\"Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch C\u01a1 Nhi\u1ec7t (TMA)\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch C\u01a1 Nhi\u1ec7t (TMA)<\/h2>\n<p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec7t (Thermo-Mechanical Analysis &#8211; TMA) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u khi n\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch C\u01a1 Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>TMA ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. Khi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed b\u00ean trong n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u dao \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, khi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd co l\u1ea1i do chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111i. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c t\u1eeb TMA bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>S\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t (Thermal Expansion):<\/b> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf d\u00e0i (\u03b1<sub>L<\/sub>) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong TMA, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng:\n<p>\u03b1<sub>L<\/sub> = \\(\\frac{\u0394L}{L * \u0394T}\\)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng gi\u00f2n v\u00e0 d\u1ebbo (Brittle and Ductile Behavior):<\/b> V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u1ebbo sang gi\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n<li><b>S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i pha (Phase Transition):<\/b> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb pha r\u1eafn sang pha l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb tinh th\u1ec3 sang pha v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh khi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a TMA<\/h2>\n<p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u:<\/b> TMA gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/li>\n<li><b>Ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng:<\/b> Trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, TMA gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0110i\u1ec7n t\u1eed:<\/b> TMA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nh\u1eb1m tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ee9t, g\u00e3y ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng do nhi\u1ec7t sinh ra khi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec7t (TMA) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch C\u01a1 Nhi\u1ec7t (TMA) l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, quan tr\u1ecdng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch C\u01a1 Nhi\u1ec7t (TMA)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch C\u01a1 Nhi\u1ec7t (TMA) l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, quan tr\u1ecdng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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