{"id":680597,"date":"2024-11-16T18:25:37","date_gmt":"2024-11-16T17:25:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=680597"},"modified":"2024-11-16T18:25:37","modified_gmt":"2024-11-16T17:25:37","slug":"do-nhiet-vi-luong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/do-nhiet-vi-luong\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110o Nhi\u1ec7t Vi L\u01b0\u1ee3ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">\u0110o Nhi\u1ec7t Vi L\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 vi m\u00f4 trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/do_nhiet_vi_luong.png\" alt=\"\u0110o Nhi\u1ec7t Vi L\u01b0\u1ee3ng\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>\u0110o Nhi\u1ec7t Vi L\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110o nhi\u1ec7t vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Calorimetry) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t nh\u1eb1m \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t trao \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, sinh h\u1ecdc, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n<p>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Khi m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh, t\u1ed5ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>Q = mc\u0394T<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Q: nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i (Joule)<\/li>\n<li>m: kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt \u0111ang kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t (kg)<\/li>\n<li>c: nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t (J\/kg\u00b0C)<\/li>\n<li>\u0394T: s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (\u00b0C)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i calorimeter<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i calorimeter kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1eebng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i calorimeter ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n<h3>Calorimeter \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n<p>Calorimeter \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0 c\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1c ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt c\u1ea7n \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<h3>Calorimeter bom<\/h3>\n<p>Calorimeter bom l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u00e1y. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a k\u00edn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 b\u00ean trong ch\u1ee9a m\u1eabu ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ch\u00e1y. Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ed1t s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng qua s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<h3>Calorimeter vi sai scan (DSC)<\/h3>\n<p>Calorimeter vi sai scan (Differential Scanning Calorimeter &#8211; DSC) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i pha c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. DSC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<h2>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110o nhi\u1ec7t vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc:<\/strong> x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, nhi\u1ec7t ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sinh h\u1ecdc:<\/strong> nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0 enzyme ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sinh h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i pha.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110o nhi\u1ec7t vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0110o Nhi\u1ec7t Vi L\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 vi m\u00f4 trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0110o Nhi\u1ec7t Vi L\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0110o Nhi\u1ec7t Vi L\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 vi m\u00f4 trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/do-nhiet-vi-luong\/\" \/>\n<meta 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