{"id":680730,"date":"2024-07-21T15:00:24","date_gmt":"2024-07-21T14:00:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=680730"},"modified":"2024-07-21T15:00:24","modified_gmt":"2024-07-21T14:00:24","slug":"7-loai-dong-chay-trong-dong-luc-hoc-chat-long","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/7-loai-dong-chay-trong-dong-luc-hoc-chat-long\/","title":{"rendered":"7 Lo\u1ea1i D\u00f2ng Ch\u1ea3y trong \u0110\u1ed9ng L\u1ef1c H\u1ecdc Ch\u1ea5t L\u1ecfng"},"content":{"rendered":"

7 Lo\u1ea1i D\u00f2ng Ch\u1ea3y trong \u0110\u1ed9ng L\u1ef1c H\u1ecdc Ch\u1ea5t L\u1ecfng: Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

\"7<\/p>\n

7 Lo\u1ea1i D\u00f2ng Ch\u1ea3y trong \u0110\u1ed9ng L\u1ef1c H\u1ecdc Ch\u1ea5t L\u1ecfng<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t xung quanh. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt, v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea3y. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3y lo\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

  • D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng (Laminar Flow)<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n (Turbulent Flow)<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb x\u00e9 (Transitional Flow)<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u (Steady Flow)<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u (Unsteady Flow)<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y n\u00e9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (Compressible Flow)<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng n\u00e9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (Incompressible Flow)<\/strong><\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng (Laminar Flow)<\/h3>\n

    D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng x\u1ea3y ra khi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ch\u1ea3y trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp r\u00f3c nhau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n. D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Reynolds (Re) nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 2000. Trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng, s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a gradient t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0 v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

    D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n (Turbulent Flow)<\/h3>\n

    Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng, d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n l\u00e0 khi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng b\u1ecb x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 Reynolds l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 4000. D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t cao h\u01a1n trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

    D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb x\u00e9 (Transitional Flow)<\/h3>\n

    D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb x\u00e9 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trung gian gi\u1eefa d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra khi s\u1ed1 Reynolds n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 2000 \u0111\u1ebfn 4000. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n

    D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u (Steady Flow)<\/h3>\n

    D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec3m trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y nh\u01b0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

    D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u (Unsteady Flow)<\/h3>\n

    Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian. D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc hay d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong v\u00f2i phun.<\/p>\n

    D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y n\u00e9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (Compressible Flow)<\/h3>\n

    D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y n\u00e9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea3y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch gas ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng s\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

    D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng n\u00e9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (Incompressible Flow)<\/h3>\n

    Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng n\u00e9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 khi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1edf \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

    Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean quan, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    7 Lo\u1ea1i D\u00f2ng Ch\u1ea3y trong \u0110\u1ed9ng L\u1ef1c H\u1ecdc Ch\u1ea5t L\u1ecfng: Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n7 Lo\u1ea1i D\u00f2ng Ch\u1ea3y trong \u0110\u1ed9ng L\u1ef1c H\u1ecdc Ch\u1ea5t L\u1ecfng<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"7 Lo\u1ea1i D\u00f2ng Ch\u1ea3y trong \u0110\u1ed9ng L\u1ef1c H\u1ecdc Ch\u1ea5t L\u1ecfng: Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c trong c\u00e1c 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