{"id":680844,"date":"2024-08-17T16:08:52","date_gmt":"2024-08-17T15:08:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=680844"},"modified":"2024-08-17T16:08:52","modified_gmt":"2024-08-17T15:08:52","slug":"5-loai-chu-trinh-lam-lanh-trong-he-thong-nhiet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/5-loai-chu-trinh-lam-lanh-trong-he-thong-nhiet\/","title":{"rendered":"5 Lo\u1ea1i Chu Tr\u00ecnh L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh trong H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Nhi\u1ec7t"},"content":{"rendered":"

5 Lo\u1ea1i Chu Tr\u00ecnh L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh trong H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Nhi\u1ec7t: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

\"5<\/p>\n

5 Lo\u1ea1i Chu Tr\u00ecnh L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh trong H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n

Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t, chu tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 5 lo\u1ea1i chu tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    Chu Tr\u00ecnh L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh H\u01a1i<\/h3>\n

    Chu tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i chu tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e9n v\u00e0 bay h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e9n t\u0103ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh, sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 \u0111i qua d\u00e0n ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u01a1i sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh bay h\u01a1i \u1edf d\u00e0n bay h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng gian xung quanh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    Chu Tr\u00ecnh Carnot<\/h3>\n

    Chu tr\u00ecnh Carnot l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh: n\u00e9n \u0111\u1eb3ng nhi\u1ec7t, gi\u00e3n n\u1edf \u0111\u1eb3ng nhi\u1ec7t, n\u00e9n \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u00edch v\u00e0 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u00edch. Chu tr\u00ecnh Carnot kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    Chu Tr\u00ecnh Rankine<\/h3>\n

    Chu tr\u00ecnh Rankine ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh Rankine bao g\u1ed3m n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i, tua-bin, b\u00ecnh ng\u01b0ng v\u00e0 b\u01a1m. N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111un s\u00f4i trong n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u01a1i, sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u01a1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0m quay tua-bin \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    Chu Tr\u00ecnh Brayton<\/h3>\n

    Chu tr\u00ecnh Brayton, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chu tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh kh\u00ed, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tuabin kh\u00ed v\u00e0 m\u00e1y bay ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: n\u00e9n kh\u00ed, \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e9n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y v\u1edbi nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng, kh\u00ed n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf qua tua-bin \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  5. \n

    Chu Tr\u00ecnh Absorption<\/h3>\n

    Chu tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh. Thay v\u00ec d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y n\u00e9n, chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch. H\u01a1i ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra, ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 bay h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh. Chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i chu tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i chu tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    5 Lo\u1ea1i Chu Tr\u00ecnh L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh trong H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Nhi\u1ec7t: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n5 Lo\u1ea1i Chu Tr\u00ecnh L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh trong H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Nhi\u1ec7t<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"5 Lo\u1ea1i Chu Tr\u00ecnh L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh trong H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Nhi\u1ec7t: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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