{"id":680882,"date":"2024-08-31T22:09:28","date_gmt":"2024-08-31T21:09:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=680882"},"modified":"2024-08-31T22:09:28","modified_gmt":"2024-08-31T21:09:28","slug":"4-phuong-phap-truyen-nhiet-doi-luu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/4-phuong-phap-truyen-nhiet-doi-luu\/","title":{"rendered":"4 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed1i L\u01b0u"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed1i L\u01b0u: Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u 4 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh trong truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/4_phuong_phap_truyen_nhiet_doi_luu.png\" alt=\"4 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed1i L\u01b0u\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>4 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed1i L\u01b0u<\/h2>\n<p>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c thermal engineering. \u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u x\u1ea3y ra khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed xung quanh th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed \u0111\u00f3. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i L\u01b0u T\u1ef1 Nhi\u00ean<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i L\u01b0u C\u01b0\u1ee1ng B\u1ee9c<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i L\u01b0u K\u1ebft H\u1ee3p<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i L\u01b0u Boiling v\u00e0 Condensation<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>1. \u0110\u1ed1i L\u01b0u T\u1ef1 Nhi\u00ean<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed. S\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0m cho l\u1edbp ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng b\u1ed1c l\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u1edbp l\u1ea1nh ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y sang b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Nusselt-Raleigh:<\/p>\n<p>Nusselt Number (Nu) = f(Rayleigh Number (Ra))<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3,<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nu = \\frac{hL}{k}<\/li>\n<li>Ra = \\frac{g\\beta (T_{hot} &#8211; T_{cold})L^3}{\\nu \\alpha}<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>2. \u0110\u1ed1i L\u01b0u C\u01b0\u1ee1ng B\u1ee9c<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea3y ra khi d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea1t, m\u00e1y b\u01a1m ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Nusselt-Reynolds-Prandtl:<\/p>\n<p>Nu = C \\cdot Re^m \\cdot Pr^n<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3,<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nu = \\frac{hL}{k}<\/li>\n<li>Re = \\frac{\\rho u L}{\\mu}<\/li>\n<li>Pr = \\frac{\\mu c_p}{k}<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>3. \u0110\u1ed1i L\u01b0u K\u1ebft H\u1ee3p<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u1ea3 hai c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c chung cho \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<h2>4. \u0110\u1ed1i L\u01b0u Boiling v\u00e0 Condensation<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u khi s\u00f4i (boiling) v\u00e0 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 (condensation) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u, th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, l\u00f2 h\u01a1i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u00f4i, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00f3ng v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh bong b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bay h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5, h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft, b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong thermal engineering. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed1i L\u01b0u: Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u 4 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh trong truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>4 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