{"id":680939,"date":"2024-10-19T18:04:39","date_gmt":"2024-10-19T17:04:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=680939"},"modified":"2024-10-19T18:04:39","modified_gmt":"2024-10-19T17:04:39","slug":"8-loai-do-nhot-trong-chat-long-duoc-giai-thich","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/8-loai-do-nhot-trong-chat-long-duoc-giai-thich\/","title":{"rendered":"8 Lo\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ed9 Nh\u1edbt Trong Ch\u1ea5t L\u1ecfng \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00edch"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 8 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

\"8<\/p>\n

8 Lo\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ed9 Nh\u1edbt Trong Ch\u1ea5t L\u1ecfng \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00edch<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t xung quanh. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 8 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

  • \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc (Kinematic Viscosity)<\/b><\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc (k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 ν) l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

    ν = \\(\\frac{\u03bc}{\u03c1}\\),<\/p>\n

    trong \u0111\u00f3 \u03bc l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u03c1 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc (Dynamic Viscosity)<\/b><\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc (k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u03bc) \u0111o l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb Pascal-gi\u00e2y (Pa\u00b7s) ho\u1eb7c Poise (P) trong h\u1ec7 CGS.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn (Apparent Viscosity)<\/b><\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng kh\u00f4ng Newtonian t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n theo \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Newton, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (Absolute Viscosity)<\/b><\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed1i (Relative Viscosity)<\/b><\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt c\u1ee7a dung m\u00f4i nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1eefu \u00edch trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i (Intrinsic Viscosity)<\/b><\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n tan v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u polyme v\u00e0 c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt gi\u1ea3 (Apparent Viscosity in Pseudoplastic Fluids)<\/b><\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    Trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng gi\u1ea3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch huy\u1ec1n ph\u00f9), \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt gi\u1ea3m khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng t\u0103ng. \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt d\u00f2ng (Viscometric Viscosity)<\/b><\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt d\u00f2ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 trong \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn ho\u1eb7c k\u00eanh h\u1eb9p. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

    Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 8 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n8 Lo\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ed9 Nh\u1edbt Trong Ch\u1ea5t L\u1ecfng \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00edch<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 8 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/8-loai-do-nhot-trong-chat-long-duoc-giai-thich\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"8 Lo\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ed9 Nh\u1edbt Trong Ch\u1ea5t L\u1ecfng \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00edch\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 8 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/8-loai-do-nhot-trong-chat-long-duoc-giai-thich\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" 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