{"id":681015,"date":"2024-11-26T00:07:24","date_gmt":"2024-11-25T23:07:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=681015"},"modified":"2024-11-26T00:07:24","modified_gmt":"2024-11-25T23:07:24","slug":"3-loai-chu-trinh-nhiet-dong-hoc-va-ung-dung-cua-chung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/3-loai-chu-trinh-nhiet-dong-hoc-va-ung-dung-cua-chung\/","title":{"rendered":"3 Lo\u1ea1i Chu Tr\u00ecnh Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9ng H\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng C\u1ee7a Ch\u00fang"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 3 lo\u1ea1i chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t: Chu tr\u00ecnh Rankine, chu tr\u00ecnh Carnot, v\u00e0 chu tr\u00ecnh Brayton, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

\"3<\/p>\n

3 Lo\u1ea1i Chu Tr\u00ecnh Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9ng H\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng C\u1ee7a Ch\u00fang<\/h2>\n

Chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t sang c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 ba lo\u1ea1i chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: Chu Tr\u00ecnh Carnot, Chu Tr\u00ecnh Rankine v\u00e0 Chu Tr\u00ecnh Brayton, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

1. Chu Tr\u00ecnh Carnot<\/h2>\n

Chu tr\u00ecnh Carnot l\u00e0 chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1eefa hai b\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 chu tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c. Chu tr\u00ecnh g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0110\u1eb3ng nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e9n<\/li>\n
  2. \u0110\u1eb3ng t\u00edch n\u00e9n<\/li>\n
  3. \u0110\u1eb3ng nhi\u1ec7t gi\u00e3n n\u1edf<\/li>\n
  4. \u0110\u1eb3ng t\u00edch gi\u00e3n n\u1edf<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Chu Tr\u00ecnh Carnot \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n

    \\(\\eta = 1 – \\frac{{T_{l\u1ea1nh}}}{{T_{n\u00f3ng}}}\\)<\/p>\n

    trong \u0111\u00f3 \\(T_{n\u00f3ng}\\) v\u00e0 \\(T_{l\u1ea1nh}\\) l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec7t n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 l\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng Kelvin.<\/p>\n

    \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Chu Tr\u00ecnh Carnot ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 trong l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

    2. Chu Tr\u00ecnh Rankine<\/h2>\n

    Chu tr\u00ecnh Rankine l\u00e0 chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 chu tr\u00ecnh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00f3a h\u00f3a h\u01a1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. Chu tr\u00ecnh Rankine g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • B\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc (\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0103n)<\/li>\n
    • Gia nhi\u1ec7t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh h\u01a1i (gia nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb3ng \u00e1p)<\/li>\n
    • Turbine (gi\u00e3n n\u1edf \u0111\u1eb3ng \u00e1p)<\/li>\n
    • T\u1ee5 h\u01a1i (l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u00e1p)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Chu Tr\u00ecnh Rankine c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng nhi\u1ec7t, chu tr\u00ecnh Rankine t\u00e1i sinh ho\u1eb7c chu tr\u00ecnh Rankine nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n

      3. Chu Tr\u00ecnh Brayton<\/h2>\n

      Chu tr\u00ecnh Brayton, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chu tr\u00ecnh kh\u00ed, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1c turbine kh\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c. Chu tr\u00ecnh Brayton g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. N\u00e9n \u0111\u1eb3ng \u00e1p<\/li>\n
      2. Gia nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb3ng \u00e1p<\/li>\n
      3. Gi\u00e3n n\u1edf \u0111\u1eb3ng \u00e1p<\/li>\n
      4. L\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u00e1p<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Chu Tr\u00ecnh Brayton \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n

        \\(\\eta = 1 – \\left(\\frac{P_{th\u1ea5p}}{P_{cao}}\\right)^{\\frac{\\gamma-1}{\\gamma}}\\)<\/p>\n

        trong \u0111\u00f3 \\(P_{th\u1ea5p}\\) v\u00e0 \\(P_{cao}\\) l\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 cao nh\u1ea5t trong chu tr\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 \\(\\gamma\\) l\u00e0 t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

        \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Chu Tr\u00ecnh Brayton bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng turbine kh\u00ed th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 m\u00e1y bay ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

        M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 3 lo\u1ea1i chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t: Chu tr\u00ecnh Rankine, chu tr\u00ecnh Carnot, v\u00e0 chu tr\u00ecnh Brayton, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n3 Lo\u1ea1i Chu Tr\u00ecnh Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9ng H\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng C\u1ee7a Ch\u00fang<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 3 lo\u1ea1i chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t: Chu tr\u00ecnh Rankine, chu tr\u00ecnh Carnot, v\u00e0 chu tr\u00ecnh Brayton, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/3-loai-chu-trinh-nhiet-dong-hoc-va-ung-dung-cua-chung\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"3 Lo\u1ea1i Chu Tr\u00ecnh Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9ng H\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng C\u1ee7a Ch\u00fang\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 3 lo\u1ea1i chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t: Chu tr\u00ecnh Rankine, chu tr\u00ecnh Carnot, v\u00e0 chu tr\u00ecnh Brayton, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/3-loai-chu-trinh-nhiet-dong-hoc-va-ung-dung-cua-chung\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Thermal Engineering\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-11-25T23:07:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/3_loai_chu_trinh_nhiet_dong_hoc_va_ung_dung_cua_chung.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Nick Connor\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\">\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/\",\"name\":\"Thermal Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"vi-VN\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/3-loai-chu-trinh-nhiet-dong-hoc-va-ung-dung-cua-chung\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"vi-VN\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/3_loai_chu_trinh_nhiet_dong_hoc_va_ung_dung_cua_chung.png\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":1000,\"caption\":\"3 Lo\\u1ea1i Chu Tr\\u00ecnh Nhi\\u1ec7t \\u0110\\u1ed9ng H\\u1ecdc v\\u00e0 \\u1ee8ng D\\u1ee5ng C\\u1ee7a Ch\\u00fang\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/3-loai-chu-trinh-nhiet-dong-hoc-va-ung-dung-cua-chung\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/3-loai-chu-trinh-nhiet-dong-hoc-va-ung-dung-cua-chung\/\",\"name\":\"3 Lo\\u1ea1i Chu Tr\\u00ecnh Nhi\\u1ec7t \\u0110\\u1ed9ng H\\u1ecdc v\\u00e0 \\u1ee8ng D\\u1ee5ng C\\u1ee7a Ch\\u00fang\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/3-loai-chu-trinh-nhiet-dong-hoc-va-ung-dung-cua-chung\/#primaryimage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-25T23:07:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-11-25T23:07:24+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/e8c544db9afedaec8574d6464f9398bb\"},\"description\":\"T\\u00ecm hi\\u1ec3u v\\u1ec1 3 lo\\u1ea1i chu tr\\u00ecnh nhi\\u1ec7t \\u0111\\u1ed9ng h\\u1ecdc trong k\\u1ef9 thu\\u1eadt nhi\\u1ec7t: Chu tr\\u00ecnh Rankine, chu tr\\u00ecnh Carnot, v\\u00e0 chu tr\\u00ecnh Brayton, c\\u00f9ng c\\u00e1c \\u1ee9ng d\\u1ee5ng th\\u1ef1c t\\u1ebf c\\u1ee7a ch\\u00fang.\",\"inLanguage\":\"vi-VN\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/3-loai-chu-trinh-nhiet-dong-hoc-va-ung-dung-cua-chung\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/e8c544db9afedaec8574d6464f9398bb\",\"name\":\"Nick Connor\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#personlogo\",\"inLanguage\":\"vi-VN\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/84c0dec310b44b65da29dc9df6925239?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Nick Connor\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/681015"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=681015"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/681015\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=681015"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=681015"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=681015"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}