{"id":681113,"date":"2024-07-23T18:26:36","date_gmt":"2024-07-23T17:26:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=681113"},"modified":"2024-07-23T18:26:36","modified_gmt":"2024-07-23T17:26:36","slug":"8-dang-dong-chay-nen-trong-khi-dong-hoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/8-dang-dong-chay-nen-trong-khi-dong-hoc\/","title":{"rendered":"8 D\u1ea1ng D\u00f2ng Ch\u1ea3y N\u00e9n Trong Kh\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9ng H\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y n\u00e9n trong kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 8 d\u1ea1ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y n\u00e9n trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

\"8<\/p>\n

8 D\u1ea1ng D\u00f2ng Ch\u1ea3y N\u00e9n Trong Kh\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9ng H\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n

Kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y n\u00e9n. D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y n\u00e9n x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed thay \u0111\u1ed5i do \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 8 d\u1ea1ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y n\u00e9n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

  • D\u00f2ng Ch\u1ea3y \u00c2m Thanh (Subsonic Flow)<\/b><\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u00e2m thanh, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m thanh (\\(M < 1\\), v\u1edbi \\(M\\) l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 Mach). Trong d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 nh\u1ecf, v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Bernoulli c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • D\u00f2ng Ch\u1ea3y Si\u00eau \u00c2m (Supersonic Flow)<\/b><\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y si\u00eau \u00e2m, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed l\u1edbn h\u01a1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m thanh (\\(M > 1\\)). \u1ede t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e9n tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng s\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • D\u00f2ng Ch\u1ea3y Hypersonic (Hypersonic Flow)<\/b><\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    (Hypersonic Flow)<\/h3>\n

    D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y hypersonic x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c cao, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 5 l\u1ea7n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m thanh (\\(M > 5\\)). Trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n ly kh\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00ednh bay h\u01a1i, tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • S\u00f3ng S\u1ed1c (Shock Wave)<\/b><\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    S\u00f3ng s\u1ed1c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t v\u1ec1 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y n\u00e9n. C\u00e1c s\u00f3ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y si\u00eau \u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • D\u00f2ng Ch\u1ea3y N\u00e9n Kh\u00f4ng Ma S\u00e1t (Isentropic Flow)<\/b><\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    Trong d\u1ea1ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y n\u00e0y, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e9n l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ma s\u00e1t, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 entropy kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y isentropic th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • D\u00f2ng Ch\u1ea3y Ch\u1ea3y Qua L\u1ed7 (Choked Flow)<\/b><\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u1ea3y qua l\u1ed7 x\u1ea3y ra khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00ed t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m thanh. Khi \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng th\u00eam \u00e1p su\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i ph\u00eda sau s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y qua l\u1ed7.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • D\u00f2ng Ch\u1ea3y Rayleigh (Rayleigh Flow)<\/b><\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y Rayleigh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ecdc theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ma s\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • D\u00f2ng Ch\u1ea3y Fanno (Fanno Flow)<\/b><\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y Fanno x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ma s\u00e1t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e9n trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y n\u00e9n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c, m\u00e1y bay si\u00eau \u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb bay kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y n\u00e9n trong kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 8 d\u1ea1ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y n\u00e9n trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n8 D\u1ea1ng D\u00f2ng Ch\u1ea3y N\u00e9n Trong Kh\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9ng H\u1ecdc<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y n\u00e9n trong kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 8 d\u1ea1ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y n\u00e9n trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng 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