{"id":681265,"date":"2024-08-15T18:45:39","date_gmt":"2024-08-15T17:45:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=681265"},"modified":"2024-08-15T18:45:39","modified_gmt":"2024-08-15T17:45:39","slug":"3-loai-buc-xa-nhiet-truyen-nhiet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/3-loai-buc-xa-nhiet-truyen-nhiet\/","title":{"rendered":"3 Lo\u1ea1i B\u1ee9c X\u1ea1 Nhi\u1ec7t Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u 3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t: b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i, vi s\u00f3ng, v\u00e0 tia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/3_loai_buc_xa_nhiet_truyen_nhiet.png\" alt=\"3 Lo\u1ea1i B\u1ee9c X\u1ea1 Nhi\u1ec7t Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>3 Lo\u1ea1i B\u1ee9c X\u1ea1 Nhi\u1ec7t Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>Trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng. B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y sang v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. C\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p: b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 tia h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i, b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 tia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<h2>B\u1ee9c X\u1ea1 Tia H\u1ed3ng Ngo\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 tia h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i (Infrared Radiation &#8211; IR) l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t quen thu\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ra l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y. Tia h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng d\u00e0i h\u01a1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y (t\u1eeb 700 nm \u0111\u1ebfn 1 mm). Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tia h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c n\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: Tia h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gia nhi\u1ec7t, nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>B\u1ee9c X\u1ea1 \u00c1nh S\u00e1ng Nh\u00ecn Th\u1ea5y<\/h2>\n<p>\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf trong ph\u1ed5 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t, v\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 400 nm \u0111\u1ebfn 700 nm. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 m\u00e0 m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c thu nh\u1eadn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>B\u1ee9c X\u1ea1 Tia T\u1eed Ngo\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 tia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i (Ultraviolet Radiation &#8211; UV) c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, t\u1eeb 10 nm \u0111\u1ebfn 400 nm. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng, tia UV l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho da v\u00e0 m\u1eaft n\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u00e2u.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: Tia UV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng, nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c Stefan-Boltzmann:<\/p>\n<p><i>P = \\sigma \\cdot A \\cdot T^4<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i>P<\/i>: N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t ra c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 (W)<\/li>\n<li><i>\u03c3<\/i>: H\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 Stefan-Boltzmann (~5.67 x 10^-8 W\/m\u00b2K\u2074)<\/li>\n<li><i>A<\/i>: Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 (m\u00b2)<\/li>\n<li><i>T<\/i>: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 (K)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nh\u1edd hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec7t, t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u 3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t: b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i, vi s\u00f3ng, v\u00e0 tia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is 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