{"id":681303,"date":"2024-11-29T16:12:24","date_gmt":"2024-11-29T15:12:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=681303"},"modified":"2024-11-29T16:12:24","modified_gmt":"2024-11-29T15:12:24","slug":"5-phuong-phap-truyen-nhiet-dan-nhietextra","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/5-phuong-phap-truyen-nhiet-dan-nhietextra\/","title":{"rendered":"5 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7textra"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u 5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, bao g\u1ed3m l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/5_phuong_phap_truyen_nhiet_dan_nhietextra.png\" alt=\"5 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7textra\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>5 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong thermal engineering, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o <em>d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t<\/em> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p>D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (hay truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t d\u1eabn) l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed trong m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt r\u1eafn khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. N\u0103m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng<\/li>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua \u1ed1ng tr\u1ee5<\/li>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong t\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp<\/li>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 sinh nhi\u1ec7t b\u00ean trong<\/li>\n<li>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong t\u1ea5m ph\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 phen nhi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>1. Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng<\/h2>\n<p>Khi truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng, ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Fourier v\u1ec1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n<p><b>q = -k * A * (dT\/dx)<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>q<\/b>: L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t (W)<\/li>\n<li><b>k<\/b>: H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (W\/m\u00b7K)<\/li>\n<li><b>A<\/b>: Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (m<sup>2<\/sup>)<\/li>\n<li><b>dT\/dx<\/b>: Gradient nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i (K\/m)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>2. Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua \u1ed1ng tr\u1ee5<\/h2>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1edfi:<\/p>\n<p><b>q = (2 * \u03c0 * k * L * (T1 &#8211; T2)) \/ (ln(r2\/r1))<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>q<\/b>: L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t (W)<\/li>\n<li><b>k<\/b>: H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (W\/m\u00b7K)<\/li>\n<li><b>L<\/b>: \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i \u1ed1ng (m)<\/li>\n<li><b>T1, T2<\/b>: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i r1 v\u00e0 r2 (K)<\/li>\n<li><b>r1, r2<\/b>: B\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong v\u00e0 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng tr\u1ee5 (m)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>3. Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong t\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p><b>q = (T1 &#8211; Tn) \/ \u03a3(R_i)<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>T1, Tn<\/b>: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1eddng (K)<\/li>\n<li><b>R_i<\/b>: \u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp i (K\/W)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 sinh nhi\u1ec7t b\u00ean trong<\/h2>\n<p>Khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sinh nhi\u1ec7t b\u00ean trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, ta c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n<p><b>q = (q_gen * L) \/ (2 * \u03c0 * k)<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>q_gen<\/b>: T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 sinh nhi\u1ec7t b\u00ean trong (W\/m<sup>3<\/sup>)<\/li>\n<li><b>L<\/b>: Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (m)<\/li>\n<li><b>k<\/b>: H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (W\/m\u00b7K)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>5. Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong t\u1ea5m ph\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 phen nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t bao g\u1ed3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Trung b\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p><b>q = \u03b7 * A * (T_s &#8211; T_inf)<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\u03b7<\/b>: Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m ph\u1eb3ng<\/li>\n<li><b>A<\/b>: Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (m<sup>2<\/sup>)<\/li>\n<li><b>T_s<\/b>: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea5m (K)<\/li>\n<li><b>T_inf<\/b>: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh (K)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u 5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, bao g\u1ed3m l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>5 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7textra<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u 5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, bao g\u1ed3m l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 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