{"id":681648,"date":"2024-09-25T07:57:22","date_gmt":"2024-09-25T06:57:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=681648"},"modified":"2024-09-25T07:57:22","modified_gmt":"2024-09-25T06:57:22","slug":"phan-tich-nhiet-hoc-trong-quy-trinh-chuyen-doi-rac-thai-thanh-nang-luong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/phan-tich-nhiet-hoc-trong-quy-trinh-chuyen-doi-rac-thai-thanh-nang-luong\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch Nhi\u1ec7t H\u1ecdc Trong Quy Tr\u00ecnh Chuy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed5i R\u00e1c Th\u1ea3i Th\u00e0nh N\u0103ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch Nhi\u1ec7t H\u1ecdc Trong Quy Tr\u00ecnh Chuy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed5i R\u00e1c Th\u1ea3i Th\u00e0nh N\u0103ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n

\"Ph\u00e2n<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch Nhi\u1ec7t H\u1ecdc Trong Quy Tr\u00ecnh Chuy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed5i R\u00e1c Th\u1ea3i Th\u00e0nh N\u0103ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n

Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Waste-to-Energy – WtE) l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 \u00edch nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t. Trong quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean L\u00fd C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i, thu nhi\u1ec7t, chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9ng H\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n

Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh WtE, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sau:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

  • \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y (Combustion)<\/li>\n
  • Trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t (Heat Exchange)<\/li>\n
  • Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Energy Conversion)<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed1t Ch\u00e1y<\/h3>\n

    \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n

    CH4<\/sub> + 2O2<\/sub> \u2192 CO2<\/sub> + 2H2<\/sub>O + Nhi\u1ec7t<\/em><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi oxy v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 850\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 1000\u00b0C \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

    Trao \u0110\u1ed5i Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n

    Sau khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y, nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh ra s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c. Trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec5n ra qua c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 l\u00f2 h\u01a1i (boiler) v\u00e0 tua bin h\u01a1i (steam turbine).<\/p>\n

      \n
    • L\u00f2 h\u01a1i:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, bi\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh h\u01a1i.<\/li>\n
    • Tua bin h\u01a1i:<\/strong> H\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 quay c\u00e1c tua bin, s\u1ea3n sinh ra \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Chuy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed5i N\u0103ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n

      Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n qua c\u00e1c tua bin v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, bao g\u1ed3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 h\u01a1i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a tua bin.<\/p>\n

      Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 = Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t * Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc<\/em><\/p>\n

      \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng V\u00e0 L\u1ee3i \u00cdch<\/h2>\n

      C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 WtE mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

      K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh WtE, gi\u00fap chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 \u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch Nhi\u1ec7t H\u1ecdc Trong Quy Tr\u00ecnh Chuy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed5i R\u00e1c Th\u1ea3i Th\u00e0nh N\u0103ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nPh\u00e2n T\u00edch Nhi\u1ec7t H\u1ecdc Trong Quy Tr\u00ecnh Chuy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed5i R\u00e1c Th\u1ea3i Th\u00e0nh N\u0103ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch Nhi\u1ec7t H\u1ecdc Trong Quy Tr\u00ecnh Chuy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed5i R\u00e1c Th\u1ea3i Th\u00e0nh N\u0103ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh 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