{"id":681724,"date":"2024-10-05T05:08:44","date_gmt":"2024-10-05T04:08:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=681724"},"modified":"2024-10-05T05:08:44","modified_gmt":"2024-10-05T04:08:44","slug":"6-loai-chat-lam-lanh-va-anh-huong-moi-truong-cua-chung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/6-loai-chat-lam-lanh-va-anh-huong-moi-truong-cua-chung\/","title":{"rendered":"6 Lo\u1ea1i Ch\u1ea5t L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u1ea2nh H\u01b0\u1edfng M\u00f4i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng C\u1ee7a Ch\u00fang"},"content":{"rendered":"

6 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang: ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

\"6<\/p>\n

6 Lo\u1ea1i Ch\u1ea5t L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u1ea2nh H\u01b0\u1edfng M\u00f4i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng C\u1ee7a Ch\u00fang<\/h2>\n

Ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y l\u1ea1nh, t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 6 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

1. CFC (Chlorofluorocarbons)<\/h2>\n

CFC l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, CFC l\u1ea1i g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7ng ozon c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia theo Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Montreal.<\/p>\n

2. HCFC (Hydrochlorofluorocarbons)<\/h2>\n

HCFC l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf CFC. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 HCFC \u00edt g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho t\u1ea7ng ozon h\u01a1n CFC, ch\u00fang v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y ozon v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng HCFC c\u0169ng \u0111ang d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

3. HFC (Hydrofluorocarbons)<\/h2>\n

HFC kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a chlorine, v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7ng ozon. Tuy nhi\u00ean, HFC l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh r\u1ea5t cao, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn Kigali nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng HFC.<\/p>\n

4. Amoniac (NH3<\/sub>)<\/h2>\n

Amoniac l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t r\u1ea5t cao. \u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a amoniac l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y t\u1ea7ng ozon. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y ch\u00e1y n\u1ed5 n\u1ebfu b\u1ecb l\u1ed9 ra ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

5. CO2<\/sub> (Carbon Dioxide)<\/h2>\n

CO2<\/sub> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh r\u1ea5t an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho t\u1ea7ng ozon. Ngo\u00e0i ra, CO2<\/sub> c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t cao nh\u1ea5t, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng CO2<\/sub> th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf \u00e1p su\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t cao, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

6. Hydrocarbon (HC)<\/h2>\n

Hydrocarbon bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 isobutane (R-600a) v\u00e0 propane (R-290). Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7ng ozon v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh th\u1ea5p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c hydrocarbons \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng K\u1ebft<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

6 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang: ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n6 Lo\u1ea1i Ch\u1ea5t L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u1ea2nh H\u01b0\u1edfng M\u00f4i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng C\u1ee7a Ch\u00fang<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"6 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang: ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 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