{"id":681933,"date":"2024-09-20T15:05:48","date_gmt":"2024-09-20T14:05:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=681933"},"modified":"2024-09-20T15:05:48","modified_gmt":"2024-09-20T14:05:48","slug":"5-loai-gian-no-nhiet-va-tac-dong-cua-chung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/5-loai-gian-no-nhiet-va-tac-dong-cua-chung\/","title":{"rendered":"5 Lo\u1ea1i Gi\u00e3n N\u1edf Nhi\u1ec7t V\u00e0 T\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u1ee7a Ch\u00fang"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u 5 lo\u1ea1i gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/5_loai_gian_no_nhiet_va_tac_dong_cua_chung.png\" alt=\"5 Lo\u1ea1i Gi\u00e3n N\u1edf Nhi\u1ec7t V\u00e0 T\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u1ee7a Ch\u00fang\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>5 Lo\u1ea1i Gi\u00e3n N\u1edf Nhi\u1ec7t V\u00e0 T\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u1ee7a Ch\u00fang<\/h2>\n<p>Gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 5 lo\u1ea1i gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<h2>1. Gi\u00e3n N\u1edf Tuy\u1ebfn T\u00ednh<\/h2>\n<p>Gi\u00e3n n\u1edf tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh gi\u00e3n n\u1edf tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>\u2206L = \u03b1L<sub>0<\/sub>\u2206T<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u2206L: thay \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i<\/li>\n<li>\u03b1: h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<\/li>\n<li>L<sub>0<\/sub>: chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/li>\n<li>\u2206T: s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>2. Gi\u00e3n N\u1edf Di\u1ec7n T\u00edch<\/h2>\n<p>Gi\u00e3n n\u1edf di\u1ec7n t\u00edch x\u1ea3y ra khi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh gi\u00e3n n\u1edf di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>\u2206A = 2\u03b1A<sub>0<\/sub>\u2206T<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u2206A: thay \u0111\u1ed5i di\u1ec7n t\u00edch<\/li>\n<li>2\u03b1: h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh l\u1ea7n hai (2 l\u1ea7n)<\/li>\n<li>A<sub>0<\/sub>: di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/li>\n<li>\u2206T: s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>3. Gi\u00e3n N\u1edf Th\u1ec3 T\u00edch<\/h2>\n<p>Gi\u00e3n n\u1edf th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u00e0 khi th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh gi\u00e3n n\u1edf th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>\u2206V = 3\u03b1V<sub>0<\/sub>\u2206T<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u2206V: thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ec3 t\u00edch<\/li>\n<li>3\u03b1: h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ec3 t\u00edch<\/li>\n<li>V<sub>0<\/sub>: th\u1ec3 t\u00edch ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/li>\n<li>\u2206T: s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Gi\u00e3n N\u1edf Kh\u1ed1i R\u1eafn<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u r\u1eafn khi ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ebd gi\u00e3n n\u1edf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u theo m\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u1edbng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng hay g\u1eaby v\u1ee1.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Gi\u00e3n N\u1edf \u0110\u1ed9ng L\u1ef1c H\u1ecdc Ch\u1ea5t L\u1ecfng V\u00e0 Kh\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>Ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 kh\u00ed c\u0169ng gi\u00e3n n\u1edf khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. S\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho kh\u00ed l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>PV = nRT<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P: \u00e1p su\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<li>V: th\u1ec3 t\u00edch<\/li>\n<li>n: s\u1ed1 mol kh\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>R: h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 kh\u00ed l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/li>\n<li>T: nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>T\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9ng C\u1ee7a Gi\u00e3n N\u1edf Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>Gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray.<\/li>\n<li>\u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t: S\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t cao, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u 5 lo\u1ea1i gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>5 Lo\u1ea1i Gi\u00e3n N\u1edf Nhi\u1ec7t 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