{"id":681990,"date":"2024-09-20T13:07:57","date_gmt":"2024-09-20T12:07:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=681990"},"modified":"2024-09-20T13:07:57","modified_gmt":"2024-09-20T12:07:57","slug":"4-loai-he-thong-lam-mat-trong-lo-phan-ung-hat-nhan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/4-loai-he-thong-lam-mat-trong-lo-phan-ung-hat-nhan\/","title":{"rendered":"4 Lo\u1ea1i H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng L\u00e0m M\u00e1t Trong L\u00f2 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee8ng H\u1ea1t Nh\u00e2n"},"content":{"rendered":"

4 Lo\u1ea1i H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng L\u00e0m M\u00e1t Trong L\u00f2 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee8ng H\u1ea1t Nh\u00e2n: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

\"4<\/p>\n

4 Lo\u1ea1i H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng L\u00e0m M\u00e1t Trong L\u00f2 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee8ng H\u1ea1t Nh\u00e2n<\/h2>\n

Trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

1. H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng L\u00e0m M\u00e1t B\u1eb1ng N\u01b0\u1edbc \u00c1p L\u1ef1c (PWR)<\/h2>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p l\u1ef1c (Pressurized Water Reactor – PWR) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec \u1edf \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n n\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 cao \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u. N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01a1m qua v\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, thu nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng gi\u00fap sinh h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u1ed9t chu tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p, h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 quay tuabin v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

2. H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng L\u00e0m M\u00e1t B\u1eb1ng N\u01b0\u1edbc S\u00f4i (BWR)<\/h2>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4i (Boiling Water Reactor – BWR) kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi PWR \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong v\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1edbi tuabin \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n. BWR c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf cao h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

3. H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng L\u00e0m M\u00e1t B\u1eb1ng Kh\u00ed Cacbonic (GCR)<\/h2>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed cacbonic (Gas-Cooled Reactor – GCR) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed cacbonic (CO2<\/sub>) l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t. Kh\u00ed cacbonic c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn. GCR th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

4. H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng L\u00e0m M\u00e1t B\u1eb1ng Kim Lo\u1ea1i L\u1ecfng (LMR)<\/h2>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng (Liquid Metal Reactor – LMR) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng nh\u01b0 natri (Na) ho\u1eb7c natri-kali (NaK) l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t. Kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t cao m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a LMR l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. PWR:<\/b> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao.<\/li>\n
  2. BWR:<\/b> N\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4i v\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc quay tuabin tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/li>\n
  3. GCR:<\/b> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed cacbonic.<\/li>\n
  4. LMR:<\/b> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng nh\u01b0 natri ho\u1eb7c NaK.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00f2, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    4 Lo\u1ea1i H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng L\u00e0m M\u00e1t Trong L\u00f2 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee8ng H\u1ea1t Nh\u00e2n: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n4 Lo\u1ea1i H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng L\u00e0m M\u00e1t Trong L\u00f2 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee8ng H\u1ea1t Nh\u00e2n<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"4 Lo\u1ea1i H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng L\u00e0m M\u00e1t Trong L\u00f2 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee8ng H\u1ea1t Nh\u00e2n: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed.\" \/>\n<meta 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