{"id":682161,"date":"2024-10-10T20:16:56","date_gmt":"2024-10-10T19:16:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=682161"},"modified":"2024-10-10T20:16:56","modified_gmt":"2024-10-10T19:16:56","slug":"7-loai-truyen-nhiet-trong-nang-luong-nhiet-dai-duong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/7-loai-truyen-nhiet-trong-nang-luong-nhiet-dai-duong\/","title":{"rendered":"7 Lo\u1ea1i Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t Trong N\u0103ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ea1i D\u01b0\u01a1ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 7 lo\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n

\"7<\/p>\n

7 Lo\u1ea1i Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t Trong N\u0103ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ea1i D\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/h2>\n

N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng (Ocean Thermal Energy) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng, khai th\u00e1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1ea5m v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t x\u1ea3y ra. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 7 lo\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

1. Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t D\u1eabn<\/h2>\n

Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t d\u1eabn (Conduction) x\u1ea3y ra khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u00f3ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa hai v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhau. Trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t d\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec5n ra trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t, n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n

2. Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed1i L\u01b0u<\/h2>\n

Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u (Convection) x\u1ea3y ra khi d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng mang theo nhi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t qua c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

3. Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t B\u1ee9c X\u1ea1<\/h2>\n

Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 (Radiation) l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua kh\u00f4ng gian b\u1eb1ng s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

4. Bay H\u01a1i<\/h2>\n

Bay h\u01a1i (Evaporation) l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00ed khi h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t. Trong n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, bay h\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1ea5m th\u00e0nh h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t tuabin.<\/p>\n

5. Ng\u01b0ng T\u1ee5<\/h2>\n

Ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 (Condensation) ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi bay h\u01a1i, l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng khi m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 khi truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

6. Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t Qua Th\u00e0nh M\u1ecfng<\/h2>\n

Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua th\u00e0nh m\u1ecfng (Heat Transfer through Thin Walls) li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ecfng nh\u01b0 \u1ed1ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t. S\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua th\u00e0nh m\u1ecfng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

7. Chu K\u1ef3 Carnot<\/h2>\n

Chu k\u1ef3 Carnot l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa hai ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a chu k\u1ef3 Carnot \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n