{"id":682674,"date":"2024-09-27T21:20:32","date_gmt":"2024-09-27T20:20:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=682674"},"modified":"2024-09-27T21:20:32","modified_gmt":"2024-09-27T20:20:32","slug":"6-loai-toa-nhiet-trong-linh-kien-dien-tu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/6-loai-toa-nhiet-trong-linh-kien-dien-tu\/","title":{"rendered":"6 Lo\u1ea1i T\u1ecfa Nhi\u1ec7t trong Linh Ki\u1ec7n \u0110i\u1ec7n T\u1eed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">6 Lo\u1ea1i T\u1ecfa Nhi\u1ec7t trong Linh Ki\u1ec7n \u0110i\u1ec7n T\u1eed: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/6_loai_toa_nhiet_trong_linh_kien_dien_tu.png\" alt=\"6 Lo\u1ea1i T\u1ecfa Nhi\u1ec7t trong Linh Ki\u1ec7n \u0110i\u1ec7n T\u1eed\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>6 Lo\u1ea1i T\u1ecfa Nhi\u1ec7t trong Linh Ki\u1ec7n \u0110i\u1ec7n T\u1eed<\/h2>\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>T\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t qua b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t qua d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t qua \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t trong \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t qua hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Joule<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t qua chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<h2>T\u1ecfa Nhi\u1ec7t Qua B\u1ee9c X\u1ea1<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t x\u1ea3y ra khi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t ra d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung gian, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong kh\u00f4ng gian ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Stefan-Boltzmann:<\/p>\n<p>$$ Q = \\sigma \\epsilon A (T^4_{sur} &#8211; T^4_{amb}) $$<\/p>\n<p>\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Q: N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecfa ra (W)<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\sigma\\): H\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 Stefan-Boltzmann (5.67 \\times 10^{-8} W m^{-2} K^{-4})<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\epsilon\\): H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/li>\n<li>A: Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (m^2)<\/li>\n<li>\\(T_{sur}\\): Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (K)<\/li>\n<li>\\(T_{amb}\\): Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh (K)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>T\u1ecfa Nhi\u1ec7t Qua D\u1eabn Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00f3ng h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y tu\u00e2n theo \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Fourier:<\/p>\n<p>$$ Q = -k A \\frac{dT}{dx} $$<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Q: M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t (W)<\/li>\n<li>k: H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (W\/m.K)<\/li>\n<li>A: Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ngang (m^2)<\/li>\n<li>dT\/dx: \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i (K\/m)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>T\u1ecfa Nhi\u1ec7t Qua \u0110\u1ed1i L\u01b0u<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u x\u1ea3y ra khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed. C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u: \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>$$ Q = h A (T_{surf} &#8211; T_{fluid}) $$<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Q: N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t (W)<\/li>\n<li>h: H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u (W\/m^2.K)<\/li>\n<li>A: Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (m^2)<\/li>\n<li>T_{surf}: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (K)<\/li>\n<li>T_{fluid}: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed (K)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>T\u1ecfa Nhi\u1ec7t Trong \u0110i\u1ec7n Tr\u1edf<\/h2>\n<p>Khi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g\u00e2y t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau t\u00e1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c sau:<\/p>\n<p>$$ P = I^2 R $$<\/p>\n<p>\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P: C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t (W)<\/li>\n<li>I: D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n qua \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf (A)<\/li>\n<li>R: Tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf (\u03a9)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>T\u1ecfa Nhi\u1ec7t Qua Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee8ng Joule<\/h2>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Joule t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t trong \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00e1c d\u1eabn tr\u00ean. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>$$ Q = I^2 R t $$<\/p>\n<p>\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Q: L\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ecfa ra (J)<\/li>\n<li>I: D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n qua d\u1eabn (A)<\/li>\n<li>R: \u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a d\u1eabn (\u03a9)<\/li>\n<li>t: Th\u1eddi gian d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea3y qua (s)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>T\u1ecfa Nhi\u1ec7t Qua Chuy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed5i N\u0103ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n<p>Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 linh ki\u1ec7n, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc sang nhi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>6 Lo\u1ea1i T\u1ecfa Nhi\u1ec7t trong Linh Ki\u1ec7n \u0110i\u1ec7n T\u1eed: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t 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