{"id":682750,"date":"2024-10-16T15:01:36","date_gmt":"2024-10-16T14:01:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=682750"},"modified":"2024-10-16T15:01:36","modified_gmt":"2024-10-16T14:01:36","slug":"5-loai-chat-truyen-nhiet-trong-nang-luong-mat-troi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/5-loai-chat-truyen-nhiet-trong-nang-luong-mat-troi\/","title":{"rendered":"5 Lo\u1ea1i Ch\u1ea5t Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t Trong N\u0103ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi"},"content":{"rendered":"

5 Lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, bao g\u1ed3m n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7t, mu\u1ed1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha.<\/p>\n

\"5<\/p>\n

5 Lo\u1ea1i Ch\u1ea5t Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t Trong N\u0103ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi<\/h2>\n

N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o quan tr\u1ecdng, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 5 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

  • N\u01b0\u1edbc (Water)<\/b><\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    N\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t nh\u1edd v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t. N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00eam c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • D\u1ea7u Nhi\u1ec7t (Thermal Oil)<\/b><\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    D\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. So v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t cao h\u01a1n, gi\u00fap h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng lo b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • Kh\u00f4ng Kh\u00ed (Air)<\/b><\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi t\u1eadp trung. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng hay s\u00f4i, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed k\u00e9m h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • Mu\u1ed1i N\u00f3ng Ch\u1ea3y (Molten Salt)<\/b><\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    Mu\u1ed1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i nitrat, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi t\u1eadp trung. Ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t cao (l\u00ean t\u1edbi 600\u00b0C). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngay c\u1ea3 khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u cao l\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • Ch\u1ea5t L\u1ecfng H\u1eefu C\u01a1 (Organic Fluids)<\/b><\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng h\u1eefu c\u01a1 nh\u01b0 glycol ho\u1eb7c trishydroxymethylaminomethane (THAN) c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00f4i th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed b\u01a1m v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

    Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 5 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh trong n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, bao g\u1ed3m chi ph\u00ed, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    5 Lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, bao g\u1ed3m n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7t, mu\u1ed1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n5 Lo\u1ea1i Ch\u1ea5t Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t Trong N\u0103ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"5 Lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, bao g\u1ed3m n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7t, mu\u1ed1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i 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