{"id":683323,"date":"2024-09-30T06:41:40","date_gmt":"2024-09-30T05:41:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=683323"},"modified":"2024-09-30T06:41:40","modified_gmt":"2024-09-30T05:41:40","slug":"hanh-vi-phu-thuoc-nhiet-do-cua-vat-lieu-thong-minh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/hanh-vi-phu-thuoc-nhiet-do-cua-vat-lieu-thong-minh\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng minh"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">H\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng minh: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng minh thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/hanh_vi_phu_thuoc_nhiet_do_cua_vat_lieu_thong_minh.png\" alt=\"H\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng minh\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>H\u00e0nh Vi Ph\u1ee5 Thu\u1ed9c Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a V\u1eadt Li\u1ec7u Th\u00f4ng Minh<\/h2>\n<p>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng minh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh vi d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. Nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<h3>Kh\u1ea3 N\u0103ng Thay \u0110\u1ed5i H\u00ecnh D\u1ea1ng<\/h3>\n<p>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh (Shape Memory Materials) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng minh. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n pha t\u1eeb martensite sang austenite:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>Martensite: Pha c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<li>Austenite: Pha c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<p>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa hai pha n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n qua nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \\(T_m \\) v\u00e0 \\(T_a \\):<\/p>\n<pre>\n\\(T_m < T < T_a\\)\n<\/pre>\n<h3>Thay \u0110\u1ed5i \u0110\u1ed9 D\u1eabn \u0110i\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n<p>Polyme d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n (Conducting Polymers) c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng minh c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, polyaniline c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u00e9m sang d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 pH thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u1ede nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng: Polyaniline \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u00e1n d\u1eabn.<\/li>\n<li>Khi t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t: Polyaniline tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<pre>\n\\(\\sigma = \\sigma_0 e^{-E_a\/kT}\\)\n<\/pre>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3, \\(\\sigma \\) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, \\(\\sigma_0\\) l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1, \\(E_a\\) l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t, \\(k\\) l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 Boltzmann, v\u00e0 \\(T\\) l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<h3>\u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Th\u1ef1c T\u1ebf<\/h3>\n<p>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng minh c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n:<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong y h\u1ecdc: Stent tim b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 co l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e3n ra \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li>Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng polyme d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng minh m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1eeb y sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng minh: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng minh thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>H\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng 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