{"id":683399,"date":"2024-10-31T15:42:12","date_gmt":"2024-10-31T14:42:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=683399"},"modified":"2024-10-31T15:42:12","modified_gmt":"2024-10-31T14:42:12","slug":"4-loai-cam-bien-luu-luong-nhiet-cho-phan-tich-nhiet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/4-loai-cam-bien-luu-luong-nhiet-cho-phan-tich-nhiet\/","title":{"rendered":"4 Lo\u1ea1i C\u1ea3m Bi\u1ebfn L\u01b0u L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nhi\u1ec7t Cho Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch Nhi\u1ec7t"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">C\u1ea3m Bi\u1ebfn L\u01b0u L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u 4 lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/4_loai_cam_bien_luu_luong_nhiet_cho_phan_tich_nhiet.png\" alt=\"4 Lo\u1ea1i C\u1ea3m Bi\u1ebfn L\u01b0u L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nhi\u1ec7t Cho Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch Nhi\u1ec7t\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>4 Lo\u1ea1i C\u1ea3m Bi\u1ebfn L\u01b0u L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nhi\u1ec7t Cho Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n qua c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u1ea3m Bi\u1ebfn Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110i\u1ec7n Tr\u1edf (RTD)<\/li>\n<li>C\u1eb7p Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110i\u1ec7n (Thermocouples)<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ea3m Bi\u1ebfn Nhi\u1ec7t L\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Heat Flux Sensors)<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ea3m Bi\u1ebfn Cung L\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Thermopile)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u1ea3m Bi\u1ebfn Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110i\u1ec7n Tr\u1edf (RTD)<\/h2>\n<p>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf (RTD) ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. Lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb platinum, \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c nickel v\u00ec nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf trong RTD l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>R = R<sub>0<\/sub> * (1 + \u03b1(T &#8211; T<sub>0<\/sub>))<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>R l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 T<\/li>\n<li>R<sub>0<\/sub> l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tham chi\u1ebfu T<sub>0<\/sub><\/li>\n<li>\u03b1 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u1eb7p Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110i\u1ec7n (Thermocouples)<\/h2>\n<p>C\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Seebeck, ph\u00e1t sinh khi hai d\u00e2y d\u1eabn kh\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac nhau t\u1ea1i hai \u0111i\u1ec3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf, V:<\/p>\n<p>V = \u03b1 * (T<sub>hot<\/sub> &#8211; T<sub>cold<\/sub>)<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/li>\n<li>\u03b1 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 Seebeck<\/li>\n<li>T<sub>hot<\/sub> v\u00e0 T<sub>cold<\/sub> l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i hai \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1edd t\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u1ea3m Bi\u1ebfn Nhi\u1ec7t L\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Heat Flux Sensors)<\/h2>\n<p>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y sang m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Fourier v\u1ec1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n<p>q = -k * \\frac{dT}{dx}<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>q l\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t (heat flux)<\/li>\n<li>k l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/li>\n<li>\\frac{dT}{dx} l\u00e0 gradient nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u1ea3m Bi\u1ebfn Cung L\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Thermopile)<\/h2>\n<p>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn cung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u c\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y. Lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o m\u1ee9c b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn cung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li>Lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 y t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb xa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ri\u00eang, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u1ea3m Bi\u1ebfn L\u01b0u L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t: t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u 4 lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This 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