{"id":683513,"date":"2024-09-18T23:44:03","date_gmt":"2024-09-18T22:44:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=683513"},"modified":"2024-09-18T23:44:03","modified_gmt":"2024-09-18T22:44:03","slug":"9-loai-chu-ky-lam-lanh-va-ung-dung-cua-chung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/9-loai-chu-ky-lam-lanh-va-ung-dung-cua-chung\/","title":{"rendered":"9 Lo\u1ea1i Chu K\u1ef3 L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng C\u1ee7a Ch\u00fang"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Chu k\u1ef3 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh, 9 lo\u1ea1i chu k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/9_loai_chu_ky_lam_lanh_va_ung_dung_cua_chung.png\" alt=\"9 Lo\u1ea1i Chu K\u1ef3 L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng C\u1ee7a Ch\u00fang\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>9 Lo\u1ea1i Chu K\u1ef3 L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng C\u1ee7a Ch\u00fang<\/h2>\n<p>Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec7t (thermal engineering). Chu k\u1ef3 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh (refrigeration cycle) l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 9 lo\u1ea1i chu k\u1ef3 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<h2>1. Chu K\u1ef3 L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh H\u01a1i N\u00e9n (Vapor-Compression Cycle)<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: \u0110i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh, m\u00e1y l\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y n\u00e9n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh, sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 bay h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>2. Chu K\u1ef3 H\u1ea5p Th\u1ee5 (Absorption Cycle)<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: \u0110i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1edbn, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ammonia v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i thay v\u00ec m\u00e1y n\u00e9n \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>3. Chu K\u1ef3 V\u00f2ng N\u01b0\u1edbc (Water Chiller Cycle)<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: L\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1edbn.<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh: Ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh n\u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a, n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01a1m \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>4. Chu K\u1ef3 L\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh H\u1ed3ng Ngo\u1ea1i (Thermoelectric Refrigeration Cycle)<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: T\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u1ecf, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Peltier \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa hai ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>5. Chu K\u1ef3 Stirling (Stirling Cycle)<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed n\u00e9n v\u00e0 kh\u00ed gi\u00e3n n\u1edf trong c\u00e1c xi lanh k\u00edn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>6. Chu K\u1ef3 Joule-Thomson (Joule-Thomson Effect)<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: L\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t oxy l\u1ecfng.<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Joule-Thomson \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed khi n\u00f3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng qua m\u1ed9t van ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t khe h\u1eb9p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>7. Chu K\u1ef3 Gas-Liquid Mixed Refrigeration (GLMR)<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: L\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh: K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau: m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00ed v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>8. Chu K\u1ef3 Cascade (Cascade Refrigeration Cycle)<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: L\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh s\u00e2u, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n l\u1ea1nh.<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u chu k\u1ef3 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi chu k\u1ef3 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>9. Chu K\u1ef3 Cryogenic (Cryogenic Cycle)<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: L\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh c\u1ef1c s\u00e2u, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n m\u00e1u v\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c.<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 helium ho\u1eb7c hydrogen \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 th\u1ea5p, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1edbi -150 \u0111\u1ed9 C.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i chu k\u1ef3 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chu k\u1ef3 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh, 9 lo\u1ea1i chu k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - 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