{"id":683630,"date":"2024-11-29T11:41:13","date_gmt":"2024-11-29T10:41:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=683630"},"modified":"2024-11-29T11:41:13","modified_gmt":"2024-11-29T10:41:13","slug":"7-loai-chu-trinh-nhiet-dong-trong-san-xuat-nang-luong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/7-loai-chu-trinh-nhiet-dong-trong-san-xuat-nang-luong\/","title":{"rendered":"7 Lo\u1ea1i Chu tr\u00ecnh Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">7 lo\u1ea1i chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/7_loai_chu_trinh_nhiet_dong_trong_san_xuat_nang_luong.png\" alt=\"7 Lo\u1ea1i Chu tr\u00ecnh Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>7 Lo\u1ea1i Chu tr\u00ecnh Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n<p>Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 7 lo\u1ea1i chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y nh\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Chu tr\u00ecnh Carnot<\/li>\n<li>Chu tr\u00ecnh Rankine<\/li>\n<li>Chu tr\u00ecnh Brayton<\/li>\n<li>Chu tr\u00ecnh Otto<\/li>\n<li>Chu tr\u00ecnh Diesel<\/li>\n<li>Chu tr\u00ecnh Ericsson<\/li>\n<li>Chu tr\u00ecnh Stirling<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>1. Chu tr\u00ecnh Carnot<\/h2>\n<p>Chu tr\u00ecnh Carnot l\u00e0 chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Gi\u00e3n n\u1edf \u0111\u1eb3ng nhi\u1ec7t: \\\\( Q_1 \\\\)<\/li>\n<li>Gi\u00e3n n\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n<li>N\u00e9n \u0111\u1eb3ng nhi\u1ec7t: \\\\( Q_2 \\\\)<\/li>\n<li>N\u00e9n \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh Carnot \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n<p>\\\\( \\eta = 1 &#8211; \\frac{T_L}{T_H} \\\\)<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3, \\\\( T_L \\\\) v\u00e0 \\\\( T_H \\\\) l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Chu tr\u00ecnh Rankine<\/h2>\n<p>Chu tr\u00ecnh Rankine l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>H\u01a1i h\u00f3a n\u01b0\u1edbc trong l\u00f2 h\u01a1i<\/li>\n<li>Gi\u00e3n n\u1edf h\u01a1i trong turbine<\/li>\n<li>Ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 h\u01a1i trong b\u00ecnh ng\u01b0ng<\/li>\n<li>M\u00e1y b\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i l\u00f2 h\u01a1i<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh Rankine th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n chu tr\u00ecnh Carnot do c\u00e1c t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Chu tr\u00ecnh Brayton<\/h2>\n<p>Chu tr\u00ecnh Brayton th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 tuabin kh\u00ed v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n chu tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>N\u00e9n kh\u00ed trong m\u00e1y n\u00e9n<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u<\/li>\n<li>Gi\u00e3n n\u1edf kh\u00ed trong tuabin<\/li>\n<li>Tho\u00e1t kh\u00ed ra ngo\u00e0i<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh Brayton c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng chu tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c chu tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<h2>4. Chu tr\u00ecnh Otto<\/h2>\n<p>Chu tr\u00ecnh Otto l\u00e0 chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 x\u0103ng. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>H\u00fat h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed v\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u<\/li>\n<li>N\u00e9n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u00e1nh l\u1eeda v\u00e0 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng<\/li>\n<li>Th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh Otto ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1edfi:<\/p>\n<p>\\\\( \\eta = 1 &#8211; \\left( \\frac{1}{r^{\\gamma &#8211; 1}} \\right) \\\\)<\/p>\n<p>\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, \\\\( r \\\\) l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 n\u00e9n v\u00e0 \\\\( \\gamma \\\\) l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 adiabatic.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Chu tr\u00ecnh Diesel<\/h2>\n<p>Chu tr\u00ecnh Diesel \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 d\u1ea7u diesel v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 chu tr\u00ecnh Otto nh\u01b0ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phun v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i k\u1ef3 n\u00e9n. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>H\u00fat kh\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>N\u00e9n kh\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Phun nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng<\/li>\n<li>Th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a chu tr\u00ecnh Diesel th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n chu tr\u00ecnh Otto.<\/p>\n<h2>6. Chu tr\u00ecnh Ericsson<\/h2>\n<p>Chu tr\u00ecnh Ericsson li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn hai qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e3n n\u1edf v\u00e0 n\u00e9n \u0111\u1eb3ng \u00e1p xen k\u1ebd v\u1edbi hai qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb3ng nhi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng chu tr\u00ecnh Carnot.<\/p>\n<h2>7. Chu tr\u00ecnh Stirling<\/h2>\n<p>Chu tr\u00ecnh Stirling c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1edbi hai qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 hai qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t (t\u0103ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ec3 t\u00edch). Chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00ecn chung, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>7 lo\u1ea1i chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>7 Lo\u1ea1i Chu tr\u00ecnh Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"7 lo\u1ea1i chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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