{"id":683709,"date":"2024-08-19T11:07:48","date_gmt":"2024-08-19T10:07:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=683709"},"modified":"2024-08-19T11:07:48","modified_gmt":"2024-08-19T10:07:48","slug":"ba-hinh-thuc-truyen-nhiet-trong-khi-quyen-trai-dat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/ba-hinh-thuc-truyen-nhiet-trong-khi-quyen-trai-dat\/","title":{"rendered":"Ba H\u00ecnh Th\u1ee9c Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t Trong Kh\u00ed Quy\u1ec3n Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">Ba H\u00ecnh Th\u1ee9c Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t Trong Kh\u00ed Quy\u1ec3n Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/ba_hinh_thuc_truyen_nhiet_trong_khi_quyen_trai_dat.png\" alt=\"Ba H\u00ecnh Th\u1ee9c Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t Trong Kh\u00ed Quy\u1ec3n Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Ba H\u00ecnh Th\u1ee9c Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t Trong Kh\u00ed Quy\u1ec3n Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n<p>Truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt n\u00e0y sang v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. Trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p ba h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh: d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1. C\u1ea3 ba h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef cho nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t lu\u00f4n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n<h2>D\u1eabn Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>D\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u r\u1eafn do s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. Trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t x\u1ea3y ra khi nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n qua kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed g\u1ea7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec5n ra ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t k\u00e9m. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p><em>Q = k \\cdot A \\cdot \\frac{\\Delta T}{d}<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Q: L\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i<\/li>\n<li>k: H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n<li>A: Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\Delta T\\): Ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/li>\n<li>d: Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0110\u1ed1i L\u01b0u<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed. Trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ra c\u1ea3 b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng g\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u1edf ra v\u00e0 nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n n\u00ean s\u1ebd bay l\u00ean, thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao di chuy\u1ec3n xu\u1ed1ng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<h2>B\u1ee9c X\u1ea1<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn. M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch l\u1edbn trong kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1edfi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Stefan-Boltzmann:<\/p>\n<p><em>P = \\sigma \\cdot A \\cdot T^4<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P: C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1<\/li>\n<li>\\(\\sigma\\): H\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 Stefan-Boltzmann (\\(\\sigma = 5.67 \\times 10^{-8} W\/m^2K^4\\))<\/li>\n<li>A: Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3<\/li>\n<li>T: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (Kelvin)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>Ba h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t &#8211; d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 &#8211; \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1t. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ba H\u00ecnh Th\u1ee9c Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t Trong Kh\u00ed Quy\u1ec3n Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - 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