{"id":683747,"date":"2024-10-24T13:43:08","date_gmt":"2024-10-24T12:43:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=683747"},"modified":"2024-10-24T13:43:08","modified_gmt":"2024-10-24T12:43:08","slug":"5-loai-he-thong-nhiet-dong-luc-hoc-va-ranh-gioi-cua-chung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/5-loai-he-thong-nhiet-dong-luc-hoc-va-ranh-gioi-cua-chung\/","title":{"rendered":"5 Lo\u1ea1i H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9ng L\u1ef1c H\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Ranh Gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00fang"},"content":{"rendered":"

5 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang; gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

\"5<\/p>\n

5 Lo\u1ea1i H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9ng L\u1ef1c H\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Ranh Gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00fang<\/h2>\n

Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 5 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

1. H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng M\u1edf<\/h3>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edf l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u01a1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u (v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t) v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (\u0111i\u1ec7n) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

  • C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: \\( \\Delta E = Q – W \\)<\/li>\n
  • Trong \u0111\u00f3 \\( \\Delta E \\) l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \\( Q \\) l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 \\( W \\) l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t trao \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    2. H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00f3ng<\/h3>\n

    H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e9p trao \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t k\u00edn, n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n qua ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a b\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: B\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t hay qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh kh\u00ed n\u00e9n.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edf nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    3. H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng C\u00f4 L\u1eadp<\/h3>\n

    H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4 l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4 l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ( \\( \\Delta E = 0 \\) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \\( \\Delta m \\)).<\/li>\n
  • \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: C\u00e1c b\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t d\u00f9ng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    4. H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng \u1ed4n \u0110\u1ecbnh (Steady System)<\/h3>\n

    Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 duy tr\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c: \\( \\frac{dE}{dt} = 0 \\), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n
  • \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n trung t\u00e2m.<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    5. H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Kh\u00f4ng \u1ed4n \u0110\u1ecbnh (Unsteady System)<\/h3>\n

    H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh; c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c: \\( \\frac{dE}{dt} \\neq 0 \\), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n
  • \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m, l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    5 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang; gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n5 Lo\u1ea1i H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9ng L\u1ef1c H\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Ranh Gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00fang<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"5 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang; gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/5-loai-he-thong-nhiet-dong-luc-hoc-va-ranh-gioi-cua-chung\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"5 Lo\u1ea1i H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9ng L\u1ef1c H\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Ranh Gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00fang\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"5 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang; gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/5-loai-he-thong-nhiet-dong-luc-hoc-va-ranh-gioi-cua-chung\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Thermal Engineering\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-10-24T12:43:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/5_loai_he_thong_nhiet_dong_luc_hoc_va_ranh_gioi_cua_chung.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Nick Connor\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\">\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/\",\"name\":\"Thermal Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"vi-VN\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/5-loai-he-thong-nhiet-dong-luc-hoc-va-ranh-gioi-cua-chung\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"vi-VN\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/5_loai_he_thong_nhiet_dong_luc_hoc_va_ranh_gioi_cua_chung.png\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":1000,\"caption\":\"5 Lo\\u1ea1i H\\u1ec7 Th\\u1ed1ng Nhi\\u1ec7t \\u0110\\u1ed9ng L\\u1ef1c H\\u1ecdc v\\u00e0 Ranh Gi\\u1edbi c\\u1ee7a Ch\\u00fang\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/5-loai-he-thong-nhiet-dong-luc-hoc-va-ranh-gioi-cua-chung\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/5-loai-he-thong-nhiet-dong-luc-hoc-va-ranh-gioi-cua-chung\/\",\"name\":\"5 Lo\\u1ea1i H\\u1ec7 Th\\u1ed1ng Nhi\\u1ec7t \\u0110\\u1ed9ng L\\u1ef1c H\\u1ecdc v\\u00e0 Ranh Gi\\u1edbi c\\u1ee7a Ch\\u00fang\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/5-loai-he-thong-nhiet-dong-luc-hoc-va-ranh-gioi-cua-chung\/#primaryimage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-10-24T12:43:08+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-10-24T12:43:08+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/e8c544db9afedaec8574d6464f9398bb\"},\"description\":\"5 lo\\u1ea1i h\\u1ec7 th\\u1ed1ng nhi\\u1ec7t \\u0111\\u1ed9ng l\\u1ef1c h\\u1ecdc v\\u00e0 ranh gi\\u1edbi c\\u1ee7a ch\\u00fang; 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