{"id":684244,"date":"2024-10-30T06:39:30","date_gmt":"2024-10-30T05:39:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=684244"},"modified":"2024-10-30T06:39:30","modified_gmt":"2024-10-30T05:39:30","slug":"5-loai-mo-hinh-tien-nghi-nhiet-trong-kien-truc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/5-loai-mo-hinh-tien-nghi-nhiet-trong-kien-truc\/","title":{"rendered":"5 Lo\u1ea1i M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh Ti\u1ec7n Nghi Nhi\u1ec7t Trong Ki\u1ebfn Tr\u00fac"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">5 Lo\u1ea1i M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh Ti\u1ec7n Nghi Nhi\u1ec7t Trong Ki\u1ebfn Tr\u00fac: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n nghi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/5_loai_mo_hinh_tien_nghi_nhiet_trong_kien_truc.png\" alt=\"5 Lo\u1ea1i M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh Ti\u1ec7n Nghi Nhi\u1ec7t Trong Ki\u1ebfn Tr\u00fac\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>5 Lo\u1ea1i M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh Ti\u1ec7n Nghi Nhi\u1ec7t Trong Ki\u1ebfn Tr\u00fac<\/h2>\n<p>Ti\u1ec7n nghi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ti\u1ec7n nghi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 5 lo\u1ea1i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ti\u1ec7n nghi nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh Fanger (PMV v\u00e0 PPD)<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh \u0110i\u1ec1u Ki\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean (Adaptive Model)<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9 C\u1ee5c B\u1ed9 (Local Thermal Comfort Models)<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics)<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh Fanger (PMV v\u00e0 PPD)<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Fanger l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ti\u1ec7n nghi nhi\u1ec7t. PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) v\u00e0 PPD (Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied) l\u00e0 hai ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PMV \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec7n nghi nhi\u1ec7t, trong khi PPD \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>PMV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n<p><em>PMV = (0.303e<sup>-0.036M<\/sup> + 0.028)(M &#8211; W &#8211; 3.96&#215;10<sup>-8<\/sup>f<sub>cl<\/sub>(T<sub>cl<\/sub> &#8211; T<sub>a<\/sub>))<\/em><\/p>\n<p>PPD sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean PMV:<\/p>\n<p><em>PPD = 100 &#8211; 95e<sup>(-0.03353PMV<sup>4<\/sup> &#8211; 0.2179PMV<sup>2<\/sup>)<\/sup><\/em><\/p>\n<h2>M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh \u0110i\u1ec1u Ki\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean (Adaptive Model)<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ebd th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m sinh ho\u1ea1t. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n bi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng HVAC, n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec7n nghi nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2>M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9 C\u1ee5c B\u1ed9 (Local Thermal Comfort Models)<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ti\u1ec7n nghi nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 da, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ti\u1ec7n nghi nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n<h2>M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics)<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh CFD s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec7n nghi nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2>M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n<p>Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ti\u1ec7n nghi nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng xem x\u00e9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 theo th\u1eddi gian. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng HVAC v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a ti\u1ec7n nghi nhi\u1ec7t su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng quan ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 5 lo\u1ea1i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ti\u1ec7n nghi nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. M\u1ed7i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang, gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>5 Lo\u1ea1i M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh Ti\u1ec7n Nghi Nhi\u1ec7t Trong Ki\u1ebfn Tr\u00fac: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n nghi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>5 Lo\u1ea1i M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh Ti\u1ec7n Nghi Nhi\u1ec7t Trong Ki\u1ebfn 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