{"id":684263,"date":"2024-08-30T15:52:13","date_gmt":"2024-08-30T14:52:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=684263"},"modified":"2024-08-30T15:52:13","modified_gmt":"2024-08-30T14:52:13","slug":"3-loai-toi-uu-hoa-nhiet-dong-luc-hoc-trong-thiet-ke","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/3-loai-toi-uu-hoa-nhiet-dong-luc-hoc-trong-thiet-ke\/","title":{"rendered":"3 Lo\u1ea1i T\u1ed1i \u01afu H\u00f3a Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9ng L\u1ef1c H\u1ecdc Trong Thi\u1ebft K\u1ebf"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 3 lo\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00fap t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/3_loai_toi_uu_hoa_nhiet_dong_luc_hoc_trong_thiet_ke.png\" alt=\"3 Lo\u1ea1i T\u1ed1i \u01afu H\u00f3a Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9ng L\u1ef1c H\u1ecdc Trong Thi\u1ebft K\u1ebf\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>3 Lo\u1ea1i T\u1ed1i \u01afu H\u00f3a Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9ng L\u1ef1c H\u1ecdc Trong Thi\u1ebft K\u1ebf<\/h2>\n<p>Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ba lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2>1. T\u1ed1i \u01afu H\u00f3a Chu Tr\u00ecnh Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>Chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n, chu tr\u00ecnh Rankine v\u00e0 chu tr\u00ecnh Brayton. T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li><b>Chu Tr\u00ecnh Rankine:<\/b> C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1i \u01b0u bao g\u1ed3m t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u1ed3i h\u01a1i, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chu tr\u00ecnh Rankine t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li><b>Chu Tr\u00ecnh Brayton:<\/b> \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e9n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u00edm \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00e9n, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<p>\\[<br \/>\n\\eta = 1 &#8211; \\frac{Q_{th\u1ea5p}}{Q_{cao}}<br \/>\n\\]\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3 Q<sub>cao<\/sub> l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 Q<sub>th\u1ea5p<\/sub> l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h2>2. T\u1ed1i \u01afu H\u00f3a Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t, t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li><b>B\u1ec1 M\u1eb7t Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t:<\/b> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li><b>V\u1eadt Li\u1ec7u Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t:<\/b> Ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t cao, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f4m, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<p>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n qua m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>\\[<br \/>\nQ = U \\cdot A \\cdot \\Delta T<br \/>\n\\]\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3 U l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t, A l\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, v\u00e0 \u0394T l\u00e0 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<h2>3. T\u1ed1i \u01afu H\u00f3a Qu\u00e1 Tr\u00ecnh Nhi\u1ec7t Ph\u00e2n<\/h2>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec7t. T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p><u1><\/p>\n<li><b>\u0110\u1ed9ng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1t Trong:<\/b> T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, kh\u00ed h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li><b>Pin Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110i\u1ec7n:<\/b> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 Seebeck cao v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng.<\/li>\n<p><\/u1><\/p>\n<p>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p>\\[<br \/>\n\\eta = \\frac{W}{Q_{\u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o}}<br \/>\n\\]\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3 W l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u00e0 Q<sub>\u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/sub> l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 3 lo\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00fap t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>3 Lo\u1ea1i T\u1ed1i \u01afu H\u00f3a Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9ng L\u1ef1c H\u1ecdc Trong Thi\u1ebft K\u1ebf<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 3 lo\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00fap t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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