{"id":684358,"date":"2024-11-06T19:56:06","date_gmt":"2024-11-06T18:56:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=684358"},"modified":"2024-11-06T19:56:06","modified_gmt":"2024-11-06T18:56:06","slug":"7-loai-truyen-nhiet-trong-vi-dien-tu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/7-loai-truyen-nhiet-trong-vi-dien-tu\/","title":{"rendered":"7 Lo\u1ea1i Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t Trong Vi \u0110i\u1ec7n T\u1eed"},"content":{"rendered":"

7 Lo\u1ea1i Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t Trong Vi \u0110i\u1ec7n T\u1eed: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vi m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

\"7<\/p>\n

7 Lo\u1ea1i Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t Trong Vi \u0110i\u1ec7n T\u1eed<\/h2>\n

Trong ng\u00e0nh vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 7 lo\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

  • Truy\u1ec1n D\u1eabn Nhi\u1ec7t<\/b><\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    Truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t x\u1ea3y ra khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao sang v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng qua v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u r\u1eafn. Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Fourier, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn Q<\/i> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh:<\/p>\n

    Q = -k \\frac{\\partial T}{\\partial x}<\/i><\/p>\n

    Trong \u0111\u00f3, k<\/i> l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, T<\/i> l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 x<\/i> l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • \u0110\u1ed1i L\u01b0u Nhi\u1ec7t<\/b><\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i l\u01b0u nhi\u1ec7t x\u1ea3y ra khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u1eafn sang ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u (kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c l\u1ecfng) v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u: \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c. Trong vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea1t l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • B\u1ee9c X\u1ea1 Nhi\u1ec7t<\/b><\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng qua s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u, b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Stefan-Boltzmann gi\u00fap t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1:<\/p>\n

    Q = \\sigma A T^4<\/i><\/p>\n

    Trong \u0111\u00f3, \\sigma<\/i> l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 Stefan-Boltzmann, A<\/i> l\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 T<\/i> l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • T\u1ea3n Nhi\u1ec7t<\/b><\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    T\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong chip \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t Qua V\u1eadt Li\u1ec7u Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110i\u1ec7n<\/b><\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng qua hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Seebeck. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 khi c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua (hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Peltier).<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • L\u00e0m M\u00e1t B\u1eb1ng Ch\u1ea5t L\u1ecfng<\/b><\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    L\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng dung d\u1ecbch d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb vi m\u1ea1ch ra ngo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m b\u01a1m v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

  • Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t Qua V\u1eadt Li\u1ec7u T\u1ed5 Ong<\/b><\/li>\n

    <\/u1><\/p>\n

    V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ed5 ong v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd lu\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ch\u00fang k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/p>\n

    Hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    7 Lo\u1ea1i Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t Trong Vi \u0110i\u1ec7n T\u1eed: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vi m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n7 Lo\u1ea1i Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t Trong Vi \u0110i\u1ec7n T\u1eed<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"7 Lo\u1ea1i Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t Trong Vi \u0110i\u1ec7n T\u1eed: T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vi m\u1ea1ch 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