{"id":684434,"date":"2024-08-30T18:50:47","date_gmt":"2024-08-30T17:50:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/?p=684434"},"modified":"2024-08-30T18:50:47","modified_gmt":"2024-08-30T17:50:47","slug":"8-loai-he-so-truyen-nhiet-va-cach-tinh-toan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/vi\/8-loai-he-so-truyen-nhiet-va-cach-tinh-toan\/","title":{"rendered":"8 Lo\u1ea1i H\u1ec7 S\u1ed1 Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 C\u00e1ch T\u00ednh To\u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"sidekick\">8 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.thermal-engineering.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/8_loai_he_so_truyen_nhiet_va_cach_tinh_toan.png\" alt=\"8 Lo\u1ea1i H\u1ec7 S\u1ed1 Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 C\u00e1ch T\u00ednh To\u00e1n\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>8 Lo\u1ea1i H\u1ec7 S\u1ed1 Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 C\u00e1ch T\u00ednh To\u00e1n<\/h2>\n<p>Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 8 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t (Thermal Conductivity &#8211; k):<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh:<\/p>\n<p>q = -k \\(* \\frac{\\partial T}{\\partial x}\\),<\/p>\n<p>trong \u0111\u00f3 q l\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t, k l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 \\(\\frac{\\partial T}{\\partial x}\\) l\u00e0 gradient nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u (Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient &#8211; h):<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u qua b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n:<\/p>\n<p>q = h * A * (T_s &#8211; T_\\(\\infty\\)),<\/p>\n<p>trong \u0111\u00f3 h l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u, A l\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, T_s l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 T_\\(\\infty\\) l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 (Radiative Heat Transfer Coefficient &#8211; \\(\\epsilon\\)): <\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1t ra v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh:<\/p>\n<p>q = \\(\\epsilon\\) * \\(\\sigma\\) * A * (T_s\\(^4\\) &#8211; T_\\(\\infty\\)\\(^4\\)),<\/p>\n<p>trong \u0111\u00f3 \\(\\epsilon\\) l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1, \\(\\sigma\\) l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 Stefan-Boltzmann, A l\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, v\u00e0 T_s, T_\\(\\infty\\) l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh (t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng Kelvin).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p (Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient &#8211; U):<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n:<\/p>\n<p>\\(\\frac{1}{U}\\) = \\(\\frac{1}{h_1}\\) + \\(\\frac{L}{k}\\) + \\(\\frac{1}{h_2}\\),<\/p>\n<p>trong \u0111\u00f3 U l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, h_1 v\u00e0 h_2 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a hai m\u1eb7t, L l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 k l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ngang (Cross-Flow Heat Transfer Coefficient &#8211; h_c):<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u ch\u1ea3y ngang qua b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n<p>Nu = \\(\\frac{h_c * L}{k}\\),<\/p>\n<p>trong \u0111\u00f3 Nu l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 Nusselt, h_c l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ngang, L l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u00e0 k l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong \u1ed1ng (Internal Tube Heat Transfer Coefficient &#8211; h_i):<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n:<\/p>\n<p>q = h_i * A * (T_w &#8211; T_f),<\/p>\n<p>trong \u0111\u00f3 h_i l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong \u1ed1ng, A l\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, T_w l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 T_f l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t ngo\u00e0i \u1ed1ng (External Tube Heat Transfer Coefficient &#8211; h_o):<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t ngo\u00e0i \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i. K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong \u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ed7ng (Porous Media Heat Transfer Coefficient &#8211; k_p):<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u r\u1ed7ng ho\u1eb7c x\u1ed1p. C\u00e1ch t\u00ednh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed7ng, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0u.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. N\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>8 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[132],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v15.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>8 Lo\u1ea1i H\u1ec7 S\u1ed1 Truy\u1ec1n Nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 C\u00e1ch T\u00ednh 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